ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2014
Infectious morbidity is higher after second-stage compared with first-stage cesareans.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04163679 (Combining Vaginal Preparation and Azithromycin in Reduction of Post Cesarean Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combining Vaginal Preparation and Azithromycin in Reduction of Post Cesarean Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reducing post-cesarean sepsis: Current best practice in prevention and treatment.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Intrapartum ultrasound use in clinical practice as a predictor of delivery mode during prolonged second stage of labor.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Evaluating the impact of a standardized induction protocol to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Epidural Analgesia Use During Labor and Infection in Full-term Neonates Delivered Vaginally.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Obesity, Second Stage Duration, and Labor Outcomes in Nulliparous Women.American journal of perinatology · 2021Article
- Surgical site infections after cesarean delivery: epidemiology, prevention and treatment.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2017Review
- Surgical Site Infection following Cesarean Delivery: Patient, Provider, and Procedure-Specific Risk Factors.American journal of perinatology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was to compare maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity following cesareans performed in the second and first stages of labor. STUDY
designWe conducted a retropective cohort study of all consecutive, singleton, term, cesarean deliveries in laboring women in a single institution from 2005 to 2012. Second-stage cesareans were defined as those performed at complete cervical dilation (10 cm), and first-stage cesareans were those performed before 10 cm cervical dilation. The primary outcome was endometritis. Rates of infectious morbidity were compared in the 2 groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted risk estimates.
resultsOf 2505 cesareans meeting inclusion criteria, 400 (16.0%) were performed in the second stage, whereas 2105 (84.0%) were performed in the first stage of labor. The risk of endometritis was nearly 3-fold higher in second- compared with first-stage cesareans (4.25% vs 1.52%; crude odds ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-5.23). The risk remained significantly higher after controlling for confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-5.09).
conclusionSecond-stage cesarean is associated with an increased risk of endometritis compared with first-stage cesarean. Further studies will determine whether different infection preventive strategies are needed at second-stage cesareans to reduce endometritis.
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