ArticleBMC international health and human rights2014
HIV testing among pregnant women living with HIV in India: are private healthcare providers routinely violating women's human rights?
Article in BMC international health and human rights, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Obstetric Mistreatment Among Women Living With HIV.Nursing & health sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to HIV and syphilis rapid diagnostic testing in antenatal care settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Differences in HIV testing and receipt of results between adolescent and non-adolescent women in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Article
- Making HIV testing work at the point of care in South Africa: a qualitative study of diagnostic practices.BMC health services research · 2017Article
- Sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Human rights and the sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV--a literature review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Review
- Fundamental concerns of women living with HIV around the implementation of Option B+.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Exploring the relevance of male involvement in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV services in Blantyre, Malawi.BMC international health and human rights · 2014Article
- "My Life is Spoiled Because of Him…" A Qualitative Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disclosure and Male Involvement in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn India, approximately 49,000 women living with HIV become pregnant and deliver each year. While the government of India has made progress increasing the availability of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services, only about one quarter of pregnant women received an HIV test in 2010, and about one-in-five that were found positive for HIV received interventions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV.
methodsBetween February 2012 to March 2013, 14 HIV-positive women who had recently delivered a baby were recruited from HIV positive women support groups, Government of India Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers, and nongovernmental organizations in Mysore and Pune, India. In-depth interviews were conducted to examine their general experiences with antenatal healthcare; specific experiences around HIV counseling and testing; and perceptions about their care and follow-up treatment. Data were analyzed thematically using the human rights framework for HIV testing adopted by the United Nations and India's National AIDS Control Organization.
resultsWhile all of the HIV-positive women in the study received HIV and PMTCT services at a government hospital or antiretroviral therapy center, almost all reported attending a private clinic or hospital at some point in their pregnancy. According to the participants, HIV testing often occurred without consent; there was little privacy; breaches of confidentiality were commonplace; and denial of medical treatment occurred routinely. Among women living with HIV in this study, violations of their human rights occurred more commonly in private rather than public healthcare settings.
conclusionsThere is an urgent need for capacity building among private healthcare providers to improve standards of practice with regard to informed consent process, HIV testing, patient confidentiality, treatment, and referral of pregnant women living with HIV.
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