ArticleBJU international2014
Circumcision and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in Montréal, Canada.
Article in BJU international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Meta-analyses of methylation markers for prostate cancer.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Does the evidence support circumcision of infant males in the United Kingdom?-a systematic review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Practices for collecting, analyzing and disseminating data on health and its social determinants among Black populations in Quebec: a scoping review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association's guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Article
- A Literature Review of Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Research.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Genitourinary Infections Related to Circumcision and the Potential Impact on Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2022Review
- Evidence-based circumcision policy for Australia.Journal of men's health · 2022Article
- Body shape and pants size as surrogate measures of obesity among males in epidemiologic studies.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Male circumcision and prostate cancer: A geographical analysis, meta-analysis, and cost analysis.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2020Review
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (abridged version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- Identification of low oxygen-tolerating bacteria in prostate secretions of cancer patients and discussion of possible aetiological significance.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure.Global health, science and practice · 2017Article
- Early infant male circumcision: Systematic review, risk-benefit analysis, and progress in policy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2017Article
- Prostatitis, other genitourinary infections and prostate cancer: results from a population-based case-control study.World journal of urology · 2016Article
- BPH: a tell-tale sign of prostate cancer? Results from the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study (PROtEuS).World journal of urology · 2015Article
- Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Countries with high circumcision prevalence have lower prostate cancer mortality.Asian journal of andrologyArticle
- Medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results from a population-based study.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du CanadaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the possible association between circumcision and prostate cancer risk, to examine whether age at circumcision influences prostate cancer risk, and to determine whether race modifies the circumcision-prostate cancer relationship. SUBJECTS AND
methodsPROtEuS (Prostate Cancer and Environment Study), a population-based case-control study set amongst the mainly French-speaking population in Montréal, Canada, was used to address study objectives. The study included 1590 pathologically confirmed prostate cancer cases diagnosed in a Montréal French hospital between 2005 and 2009, and 1618 population controls ascertained from the French electoral list, frequency-matched to cases by age. In-person interviews elicited information on sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental factors. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between circumcision, age at circumcision and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for age, ancestry, family history of prostate cancer, prostate cancer screening history, education, and history of sexually transmitted infections.
resultsCircumcised men had a slightly lower risk, albeit not statistically significant, of developing prostate cancer than uncircumcised men (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.04). Circumcision was found to be protective in men circumcised aged ≥36 years (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-0.98). A weaker protective effect was seen among men circumcised within 1 year of birth (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72-1.04). The strongest protective effect of circumcision was recorded in Black men (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.86, P-value for interaction 0.02) but no association was found with other ancestral groups.
conclusionOur findings provide novel evidence for a protective effect of circumcision against prostate cancer development, especially in those circumcised aged ≥36 years; although circumcision before the age of 1 year may also confer protection. Circumcision appeared to be protective only among Black men, a group that has the highest rate of disease. Further research into the differences in effect of circumcision on prostate cancer risk by ancestry is warranted, as is the influence of age at circumcision.
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