Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24654234›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular research2014

The number of X chromosomes influences protection from cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice: one X is better than two.

Jingyuan Li, Xuqi Chen, Rebecca McClusky, Maureen Ruiz-Sundstrom, Yuichiro Itoh, Soban Umar, Arthur P Arnold, Mansoureh Eghbali

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Macrophages and the Survival of Cardiomyocytes After Myocardial Infarction.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
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  19. Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024
    Review
  20. Review

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jingyuan LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA.
Xuqi ChenDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Rebecca McCluskyDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Maureen Ruiz-SundstromDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yuichiro ItohDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Soban UmarDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA.
Arthur P ArnoldDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Mansoureh EghbaliDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, BH-160CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA meghbali@ucla.edu.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Sex Chromosome Effects on Neural DevelopmentR01NS043196 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P · 2003 to 2013
$3.4M
Cardiac KCNE2 (MIRP1) Regulation by Estrogen and Cardiac StressR01HL089876 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EGHBALI, MANSOUREH · 2008 to 2012
$2.2M
Sex differences in obesity and metabolic diseaseR01DK083561 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, CHEN, XUQI · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS HL089876NHLBI NIH HHS HL089876S1NIDDK NIH HHS DK083561NINDS NIH HHS NS043196
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimSex differences in coronary heart disease have been attributed to sex hormones, whereas the potential role of the sex chromosomes has been ignored so far. Here, we investigated the role of the sex chromosomes in causing sex differences in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS AND

resultsWe used two unique mouse models, the 'four core genotypes' [XX mice with ovaries (XXF) or testes (XXM) and XY mice with ovaries (XYF) or testes (XYM)] and XY* (gonadal male or female mice with one or two X chromosomes). All mice were gonadectomized (GDX). In vivo or isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts were subjected to I/R injury. The in vivo infarct size in XY mice was significantly smaller than XX mice regardless of their gonadal type (24.5 ± 4.1% in XYF and 21.8 ± 3.3% in XYM vs. 37.0 ± 3.2% in XXF and 35.5 ± 2.1% in XXM, P < 0.01). Consistent with the results in vivo, the infarct size was markedly smaller and cardiac functional recovery was significantly better in XY mice compared with XX ex vivo. The mitochondrial calcium retention capacity was significantly higher in XY compared with XX mice (nmol/mg protein: XXF = 126 ± 9 and XXM = 192 ± 45 vs. XYF = 250 ± 56 and XYM = 286 ± 51, P < 0.05). In XY* mice, mice with 2X chromosomes had larger infarct size (2X females = 41.4 ± 8.9% and 2X males = 46.3 ± 9.5% vs. 1X females = 23.7 ± 3.9% and 1X males = 26.6 ± 6.9%, P < 0.05) and lower heart functional recovery, compared with those with 1X chromosome. Several X genes that escape X inactivation (Eif2s3x, Kdm6a, and Kdm5c) showed higher expression in XX than in XY hearts.

conclusionXX mice have higher vulnerability to I/R injury compared with XY mice, which is due to the number of X chromosomes rather than the absence of the Y chromosome.

Indexed as

X ChromosomeAnimalsCalciumFemaleMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsMitochondrial Permeability Transition PoreMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial Reperfusion InjurySex CharacteristicsCalciumMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsMitochondrial Permeability Transition PoreCardiac ischaemia/reperfusionSex chromosome

Identifiers

PMID24654234
PMCPMC4030514
OpenAlexW2098411116

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.