ArticleGenetics2014
Modular skeletal evolution in sticklebacks is controlled by additive and clustered quantitative trait Loci.
Article in Genetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regionally specific and highly pleiotropic loci together mediate skeletal evolution in tropical and temperate house mice.Genetics · 2026Article
- Coexistence in Sympatry With Gene Flow Before Speciation Has Completed.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- 3D Genome Constrains Breakpoints of Inversions That Can Act as Barriers to Gene Flow in the Stickleback.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Ectodysplasin overexpression reveals spatiotemporally dynamic tooth formation competency in stickleback and zebrafish.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- The genetic basis of divergent melanic pigmentation in benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback.Heredity · 2024Article
- The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024Review
- Adaptive tail-length evolution in deer mice is associated with differential Hoxd13 expression in early development.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Genetic basis of ecologically relevant body shape variation among four genera of cichlid fishes.Molecular ecology · 2023Article
- Evolution of Spatial and Temporal cis-Regulatory Divergence in Sticklebacks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Evolution of stickleback spines through independent cis-regulatory changes at HOXDB.Nature ecology & evolution · 2022Article
- Freshwater Colonization, Adaptation, and Genomic Divergence in Threespine Stickleback.Integrative and comparative biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Local Adaptation and the Evolution of Genome Architecture in Threespine Stickleback.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Heterosis counteracts hybrid breakdown to forestall speciation by parallel natural selection.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- The evolution of larger size in high-altitude Drosophila melanogaster has a variable genetic architecture.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Adaptive divergence and the evolution of hybrid trait mismatch in threespine stickleback.Evolution letters · 2022Article
- Review
- Extreme intraspecific divergence in mitochondrial haplotypes makes the threespine stickleback fish an emerging evolutionary mutant model for mito-nuclear interactions.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Evolved Bmp6 enhancer alleles drive spatial shifts in gene expression during tooth development in sticklebacks.Genetics · 2021Article
- Threespine Stickleback: A Model System For Evolutionary Genomics.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2021Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of evolutionary change remains a long-standing goal in biology. In vertebrates, skeletal evolution has contributed greatly to adaptation in body form and function in response to changing ecological variables like diet and predation. Here we use genome-wide linkage mapping in threespine stickleback fish to investigate the genetic architecture of evolved changes in many armor and trophic traits. We identify >100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the pattern of serially repeating skeletal elements, including gill rakers, teeth, branchial bones, jaws, median fin spines, and vertebrae. We use this large collection of QTL to address long-standing questions about the anatomical specificity, genetic dominance, and genomic clustering of loci controlling skeletal differences in evolving populations. We find that most QTL (76%) that influence serially repeating skeletal elements have anatomically regional effects. In addition, most QTL (71%) have at least partially additive effects, regardless of whether the QTL controls evolved loss or gain of skeletal elements. Finally, many QTL with high LOD scores cluster on chromosomes 4, 20, and 21. These results identify a modular system that can control highly specific aspects of skeletal form. Because of the general additivity and genomic clustering of major QTL, concerted changes in both protective armor and trophic traits may occur when sticklebacks inherit either marine or freshwater alleles at linked or possible "supergene" regions of the stickleback genome. Further study of these regions will help identify the molecular basis of both modular and coordinated changes in the vertebrate skeleton.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.