ReviewDiabetes care2014
Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: health be damned! Pour on the sugar.
Review in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 404 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of low glycaemic index or load dietary patterns on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- United States Dietary Trends Since 1800: Lack of Association Between Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption and Non-communicable Diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Non-caloric sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body weights.Nature metabolism · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Appetite-Regulating Hormones Are Reduced After Oral Sucrose vs Glucose: Influence of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Sex.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- The effects of the form of sugar (solid vs. beverage) on body weight and fMRI activation: A randomized controlled pilot study.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Effects of nutrition motivational intervention in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study in Naples, South Italy.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Effects of a Carob-Pod-Derived Sweetener on Glucose Metabolism.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Influence of an intervention targeting a reduction in sugary beverage intake on the δ13C sugar intake biomarker in a predominantly obese, health-disparate sample.Public health nutrition · 2017Trial
- No evidence of enhanced satiety following whey protein- or sucrose-enriched water beverages: a dose response trial in overweight women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Trial
- Sugar Shockwaves: How the Fructose-Glucose-ChREBP Pathway Hijacks Liver Metabolism.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Trends in Dairy and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Korean Young Adults Aged 19-29 Years: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2021.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- More than Entertainment: The Association of Social Media Exposure with Adolescents' Preferences for and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The association between sugars sweetened beverages and glycemic profile among children and youth: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Comprehensive New Insights into Sweet Taste Transmission Mechanisms and Detection Methods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Non-communicable disease burden through adhering to Dutch dietary guidelines: a modeling study to estimate future reductions.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Neurobehavioral plasticity in the rodent gustatory system induced by regular consumption of a low-calorie sweetener during adolescence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened drinks have been associated with several health problems. In the point narrative as presented below, we provide our opinion and review of the data to date that we need to reconsider consumption of dietary sugar based on the growing concern of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the counterpoint narrative following our contribution, Drs. Kahn and Sievenpiper provide a defense and suggest that dietary sugar is not the culprit. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and U.S. Department of Agriculture dietary surveys along with commercial Homescan data on household purchases were used to understand changes in sugar and fructose consumption. Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials were used to evaluate outcomes of beverage and fructose intake. About 75% of all foods and beverages contain added sugar in a large array of forms. Consumption of soft drinks has increased fivefold since 1950. Meta-analyses suggest that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is related to the risk of diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Drinking two 16-ounce SSBs per day for 6 months induced features of the metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. Randomized controlled trials in children and adults lasting 6 months to 2 years have shown that lowering the intake of soft drinks reduced weight gain. Recent studies suggest a gene-SSB potential relationship. Consumption of calorie-sweetened beverages has continued to increase and plays a role in the epidemic of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease. Reducing intake of soft drinks is associated with less weight gain.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.