ReviewDiabetes2014
The oral minimal model method.
Review in Diabetes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Whole Fruit on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Effects of Whole Fruit on Glycemic Control, Liver Fat, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on β-Cell Function at 1 Year After Surgery: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity.Journal of diabetes research · 2019Pooled it
- Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Trial
- Baseline Insulin Secretion Determines Response to Abatacept in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Trial
- Trajectory of beta cell function and insulin clearance in stage 2 type 1 diabetes: natural history and response to teplizumab.Diabetologia · 2025Trial
- Camu-camu decreases hepatic steatosis and liver injury markers in overweight, hypertriglyceridemic individuals: A randomized crossover trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Lifestyle Intervention Strategy to Treat Diabetes in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2022Trial
- Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 with AZD4017 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Insulin secretion and action and the response of endogenous glucose production to a lack of glucagon suppression in nondiabetic subjects.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Improved postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes by the dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 in comparison with liraglutide.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Trial
- Diabetes-associated genetic variation in TCF7L2 alters pulsatile insulin secretion in humans.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1-Mediated Mechanism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Mixed-meal tolerance test to assess residual beta-cell secretion: Beyond the area-under-curve of plasma C-peptide concentration.Pediatric diabetes · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Differential effects of the circadian system and circadian misalignment on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Glucose metabolism during rotational shift-work in healthcare workers.Diabetologia · 2017Trial
- Acute Effects of Morning Light on Plasma Glucose and Triglycerides in Healthy Men and Men with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of biological rhythms · 2017Trial
- Trial
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The simultaneous assessment of insulin action, secretion, and hepatic extraction is key to understanding postprandial glucose metabolism in nondiabetic and diabetic humans. We review the oral minimal method (i.e., models that allow the estimation of insulin sensitivity, β-cell responsivity, and hepatic insulin extraction from a mixed-meal or an oral glucose tolerance test). Both of these oral tests are more physiologic and simpler to administer than those based on an intravenous test (e.g., a glucose clamp or an intravenous glucose tolerance test). The focus of this review is on indices provided by physiological-based models and their validation against the glucose clamp technique. We discuss first the oral minimal model method rationale, data, and protocols. Then we present the three minimal models and the indices they provide. The disposition index paradigm, a widely used β-cell function metric, is revisited in the context of individual versus population modeling. Adding a glucose tracer to the oral dose significantly enhances the assessment of insulin action by segregating insulin sensitivity into its glucose disposal and hepatic components. The oral minimal model method, by quantitatively portraying the complex relationships between the major players of glucose metabolism, is able to provide novel insights regarding the regulation of postprandial metabolism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.