Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24647596›Full record

ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2014

Pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch results in increased segmental joint loads in the unfused and fused lumbar spine.

Marco Senteler, Bernhard Weisse, Jess G Snedeker, Dominique A Rothenfluh

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Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Clinical effectiveness of reduction and fusion versus in situ fusion in the management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Relationship between sagittal balance and adjacent segment disease in surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease: meta-analysis and implications for choice of fusion technique.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2018
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Full versus partial correction of pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch in lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Changes in low back pain, global sagittal alignment, and spinopelvic parameters following primary total hip arthroplasty: results of a prospective observational study with two-year follow-up.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Does spinopelvic imbalance after minimally invasive lower lumbar fusion predispose patients to subsequent minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusions? a case-control study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025
    Article
  9. Influence of pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch on surgical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025
    Article
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  11. The triadic relationship between spinal posture, loading, and degeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
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  18. Validation of Roussouly classification in predicting the occurrence of adjacent segment disease after short-level lumbar fusion surgery.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Marco SentelerDepartment of Orthopedics Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Bernhard Weisse
Jess G Snedeker
Dominique A Rothenfluh

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSymptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) has been reported to occur in up to 27 % of lumbar fusion patients. A previous study identified patients at risk according to the difference of pelvic incidence and lordosis. Patients with a difference between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis >15° have been found to have a 20 times higher risk for ASD. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to investigate forces acting on the adjacent segment in relation to pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PILL) mismatch as a measure of spino-pelvic alignment using rigid body modeling to decipher the underlying forces as potential contributors to degeneration of the adjacent segment.

methodsSagittal configurations of 81 subjects were reconstructed in a musculoskeletal simulation environment. Lumbar spine height was normalized, and body and segmental mass properties were kept constant throughout the population to isolate the effect of sagittal alignment. A uniform forward/backward flexion movement (0°-30°-0°) was simulated for all subjects. Intervertebral joint loads at lumbar level L3-L4 and L4-L5 were determined before and after simulated fusion.

resultsIn the unfused state, an approximately linear relationship between sagittal alignment and intervertebral loads could be established (shear: 0° flexion r = 0.36, p < 0.001, 30° flexion r = 0.48, p < 0.001; compression: 0° flexion r = 0.29, p < 0.01, 30° flexion r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Additionally, shear changes during the transition from upright to 30° flexed posture were on average 32 % higher at level L3-L4 and 14 % higher at level L4-L5 in alignments that were clinically observed to be prone to ASD. Simulated fusion affected shear forces at the level L3-L4 by 15 % (L4-L5 fusion) and 23 % (L4-S1 fusion) more for alignments at risk for ASD.

conclusionHigher adjacent segment shear forces in alignments at risk for ASD already prior to fusion provide a mechanistic explanation for the clinically observed correlation between PILL mismatch and rate of adjacent segment degeneration.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalAdultAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaComputer SimulationFemaleHumansIntervertebral DiscIntervertebral Disc DegenerationLordosisLumbar VertebraeMaleMiddle AgedPelvisRadiographySpinal Fusion

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.