ArticleMucosal immunology2014
Invariant natural killer T cells developing in the human fetus accumulate and mature in the small intestine.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived innate and adaptive immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- Beyond subsets: single cell transcriptomics reveals multidimensional regulation of iNKT cells cross tissues and species.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-1β-mediated suppression of CIITA attenuates IFN-γ-induced MHC-II expression on Fibroblasts.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Unraveling the phenotypic states of human innate-like T cells: Comparative insights with conventional T cells and mouse models.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Rejuvenation Strategy for Inducing and Enhancing Autoimmune Response to Eliminate Senescent Cells.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Thymic development of human natural killer T cells: recent advances and implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Extreme prematurity and sepsis strongly influence frequencies and functional characteristics of circulating γδ T and natural killer cells.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Article
- The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities.Gut microbes · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of Fetal T Cell Tolerance and Immune Regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- CD161 contributes to prenatal immune suppression of IFNγ-producing PLZF+ T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- TLR9-mediated dendritic cell activation uncovers mammalian ganglioside species with specific ceramide backbones that activate invariant natural killer T cells.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Tissue-specific functions of invariant natural killer T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- The Pathophysiological Relevance of the iNKT Cell/Mononuclear Phagocyte Crosstalk in Tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Insights Into Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Biology From Studies of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted immunoregulatory lymphocytes that share characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although it has been reported that iNKT cells are present in the human fetal thymus, it is currently unknown how they distribute, differentiate, and function in fetal peripheral lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Here, we show that functional human fetal iNKT cells develop and differentiate in a tissue-specific manner during the second trimester. Fetal iNKT cells accumulated in the small intestine, where they gained a mature phenotype and mounted robust interferon (IFN)-γ responses. In contrast, iNKT cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were less frequently detected, less differentiated, mounted poor IFN-γ responses, but proliferated vigorously upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide. These data demonstrate that fetal iNKT cells can differentiate and acquire potent effector functions in utero before the establishment of the commensal microflora.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24646938What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.