ArticlePloS one2014
Suppression of motor cortical excitability in anesthetized rats by low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Status and trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation research: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Brain stimulation for arm recovery after stroke (B-STARS): protocol for a randomised controlled trial in subacute stroke patients.BMJ open · 2017Trial
- Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Negative Findings From a Double-Blind-Randomized Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2016Trial
- Reversal of repetitive TMS-induced LTP-like plasticity by a novel compound in rats.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Article
- rTMS for treatment resistant depression - a single center community experience.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bidirectional regulation of motor circuits using magnetogenetic gene therapy.Science advances · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Regulation of Motor Circuits Using Magnetogenetic Gene Therapy Short: Magnetogenetic Regulation of Motor Circuits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A C-shaped miniaturized coil for transcranial magnetic stimulation in rodents.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Assessing the mechanisms of brain plasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Current evidence, clinical applications, and future directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Anesthesia inhibited corticospinal excitability and attenuated the modulation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Article
- Manipulating the Level of Sensorimotor Stimulation during LI-rTMS Can Improve Visual Circuit Reorganisation in Adult Ephrin-A2A5International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Synaptic plasticity mechanisms behind TMS efficacy: insights from its application to animal models.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Non-invasive brain neuromodulation techniques for chronic low back pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Neurostimulation as a Method of Treatment and a Preventive Measure in Canine Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Current State and Future Prospects.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation tracks subminute changes in cortical excitability during propofol anesthesia.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2020Article
- Unraveling Causal Mechanisms of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Visuospatial Attention with Non-invasive Brain Stimulation.Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · 2019Article
- Restraint devices for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice and rats.Brain and behavior · 2019Article
- Biomarkers Obtained by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex in Epilepsy.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2019Article
- Prolonged Neuromodulation of Cortical Networks Following Low-Frequency rTMS and Its Potential for Clinical Interventions.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely-used method for modulating cortical excitability in humans, by mechanisms thought to involve use-dependent synaptic plasticity. For example, when low frequency rTMS (LF rTMS) is applied over the motor cortex, in humans, it predictably leads to a suppression of the motor evoked potential (MEP), presumably reflecting long-term depression (LTD) -like mechanisms. Yet how closely such rTMS effects actually match LTD is unknown. We therefore sought to (1) reproduce cortico-spinal depression by LF rTMS in rats, (2) establish a reliable animal model for rTMS effects that may enable mechanistic studies, and (3) test whether LTD-like properties are evident in the rat LF rTMS setup. Lateralized MEPs were obtained from anesthetized Long-Evans rats. To test frequency-dependence of LF rTMS, rats underwent rTMS at one of three frequencies, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 Hz. We next tested the dependence of rTMS effects on N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR), by application of two NMDAR antagonists. We find that 1 Hz rTMS preferentially depresses unilateral MEP in rats, and that this LTD-like effect is blocked by NMDAR antagonists. These are the first electrophysiological data showing depression of cortical excitability following LF rTMS in rats, and the first to demonstrate dependence of this form of cortical plasticity on the NMDAR. We also note that our report is the first to show that the capacity for LTD-type cortical suppression by rTMS is present under barbiturate anesthesia, suggesting that future neuromodulatory rTMS applications under anesthesia may be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.