ArticlePloS one2014
The systemic inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile infection.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02573571 (Scoring Personalized Needs in Clostridium Difficile Infections for Fidaxomixin Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Scoring Personalized Needs in Clostridium Difficile Infections for Fidaxomixin Therapy
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic literature review.Gut microbes · 2020Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of precision bezlotoxumab treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of sexual dimorphism and estrous cycle on murineInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for Early Severity Prediction inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Overcoming donor variability and risks associated with fecal microbiota transplants through bacteriophage-mediated treatments.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Transfer of modified gut viromes improves symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Enhanced In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Stool Interleukin-1β Differentiates Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) From Asymptomatic Carriage and Non-CDI Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 in malaria exposure and pregnancy.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Melatonin as an Antimicrobial Adjuvant and Anti-Inflammatory for the Management of RecurrentAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- THC and CBD affect metabolic syndrome parameters including microbiome in mice fed high fat-cholesterol diet.Journal of cannabis research · 2022Article
- Nitro-Group-Containing Thiopeptide Derivatives as Promising Agents to TargetPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fecal Mycobiota Combined With Host Immune Factors Distinguish Clostridioides difficile Infection From Asymptomatic Carriage.Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Defining the black box: a narrative review of factors associated with adverse outcomes from severeTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2021Review
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- The gut microbiome regulates the increases in depressive-type behaviors and in inflammatory processes in the ventral hippocampus of stress vulnerable rats.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe systemic inflammatory response to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is incompletely defined, particularly for patients with severe disease.
methodsAnalysis of 315 blood samples from 78 inpatients with CDI (cases), 100 inpatients with diarrhea without CDI (inpatient controls), and 137 asymptomatic outpatient controls without CDI was performed. Serum or plasma was obtained from subjects at the time of CDI testing or shortly thereafter. Severe cases had intensive care unit admission, colectomy, or death due to CDI within 30 days after diagnosis. Thirty different circulating inflammatory mediators were quantified using an antibody-linked bead array. Principal component analysis (PCA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and logistic regression were used for analysis.
resultsBased on MANOVA, cases had a significantly different inflammatory profile from outpatient controls but not from inpatient controls. In logistic regression, only chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) levels were associated with cases vs. inpatient controls. Several mediators were associated with cases vs. outpatient controls, especially hepatocyte growth factor, CCL5, and epithelial growth factor (inversely associated). Eight cases were severe and associated with elevations in IL-8, IL-6, and eotaxin.
conclusionsA broad systemic inflammatory response occurs during CDI and severe cases appear to differ from non-severe infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.