ArticlePloS one2014
High mortality in adults hospitalized for active tuberculosis in a low HIV prevalence setting.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Detection of Circulating Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigen Peptides for the Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Hospitalized Patients
Performance of a Multiplex PCR -Microarray-based Assay in the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium Species in Smear-positive Pulmonary Clinical Specimens
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with severity of pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with and without HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Optimizing drug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosis: cost-effectiveness of rapid molecular and phenotypic assays in South Africa.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of clinical prediction score for mortality in tuberculosis patients.Narra J · 2025Article
- Nutrition Status and Comorbidities Are Important Factors Associated With Mortality During Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Observational
- A clinical indicator-based prognostic model predicting treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Deaths from tuberculosis: differences between tuberculosis-related and non-tuberculosis-related deaths.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Adherence to Treatment Guideline Improves Patient Outcomes in a Prospective Cohort of Adults Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Diagnostic value of miR-145 and its regulatory role in macrophage immune response in tuberculosis.Genetics and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Serum siderocalin levels in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Mortality in the first six months among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients empirically treated for tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Development and validation of a risk score to predict mortality during TB treatment in patients with TB-diabetes comorbidity.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Factors associated with mortality in persons co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in Suriname: a retrospective cohort study.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Mortality of patients hospitalized for active tuberculosis in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2018Article
- Prognostic score to predict mortality during TB treatment in TB/HIV co-infected patients.PloS one · 2018Article
- Pathomorphological peculiarities of tuberculous meningoencephalitis associated with HIV infection.Interventional medicine & applied science · 2017Article
- Will the European Union reach the United Nations Millennium declaration target of a 50% reduction of tuberculosis mortality between 1990 and 2015?BMC public health · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to evaluate the outcomes of adults hospitalized for tuberculosis in a higher-income region with low HIV prevalence.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on all adults hospitalized for pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an acute-care hospital in Hong Kong during a two-year period. Microscopy and solid-medium culture were routinely performed. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by: (1) positive culture of M. tuberculosis, (2) positive M. tuberculosis PCR result, (3) histology findings of tuberculosis infection, and/or (4) typical clinico-radiological manifestations of tuberculosis which resolved after anti-TB treatment, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. Time to treatment ('early', started during initial admission; 'late', subsequent periods), reasons for delay, and short- and long-term survival were analyzed.
resultsAltogether 349 patients were studied [median(IQR) age 62(48-77) years; non-HIV immunocompromised conditions 36.7%; HIV/AIDS 2.0%]. 57.9%, 16.3%, and 25.8% had pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and pulmonary-extrapulmonary tuberculosis respectively. 58.2% was smear-negative; 0.6% multidrug-resistant. 43.4% developed hypoxemia. Crude 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality was 13.8% and 24.1% respectively. 57.6% and 35.8% received 'early' and 'late' treatment respectively, latter mostly culture-guided [median(IQR) intervals, 5(3-9) vs. 43(25-61) days]. Diagnosis was unknown before death in 6.6%. Smear-negativity, malignancy, chronic lung diseases, and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (adjusted-OR 10.6, 95%CI 1.3-85.2) delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis. Failure to receive 'early' treatment independently predicted higher mortality (Cox-model, adjusted-HR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1-3.0).
conclusionsMortality of hospitalized tuberculosis patients is high. Newer approaches incorporating methods for rapid diagnosis and initiation of anti-tuberculous treatment are urgently required to improve outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.