ArticleNeurotoxicology and teratology
Effects of tobacco smoke on PC12 cell neurodifferentiation are distinct from those of nicotine or benzo[a]pyrene.
Article in Neurotoxicology and teratology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal Cannabis and Tobacco: Studies in Animal Models.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Can Be Mimicked by a Combination of Nicotine and Benzo[a]Pyrene: Effects on Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Gestational Nicotine before Neurulation is Detrimental to Neurodevelopment of Wistar Rats' Offspring.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2018Article
- The altered expression of perineuronal net elements during neural differentiation.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2018Article
- Article
- Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Review
- Is There a Critical Period for the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Low-Level Tobacco Smoke Exposure?Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Environmental Toxicants: Epigenetics as an Underlying Mechanism.International journal of genomics · 2017Review
- Diverse neurotoxicants target the differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells into neuronal and glial phenotypes.Toxicology · 2016Article
- Cognitive and Behavioral Impairments Evoked by Low-Level Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Components: Comparison with Nicotine Alone.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2016Article
- Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Directed Toward Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems: More Than Just Nicotine.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2015Article
- Amelioration strategies fail to prevent tobacco smoke effects on neurodifferentiation: Nicotinic receptor blockade, antioxidants, methyl donors.Toxicology · 2015Article
- Smoking during Pregnancy Is a Risk Factor for Executive Function Deficits in Preschool-aged Children.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2015Article
- Prenatal nicotine alters the developmental neurotoxicity of postnatal chlorpyrifos directed toward cholinergic systems: better, worse, or just "different?".Brain research bulletin · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Although nicotine accounts for a great deal of the neurodevelopmental damage associated with maternal smoking or second-hand exposure, tobacco smoke contains thousands of potentially neurotoxic compounds. We used PC12 cells, a standard in vitro model of neurodifferentiation, to compare tobacco smoke extract (TSE) to nicotine, matching TSE exposure (with its inherent nicotine content) to parallel concentrations of nicotine, or to benzo[a]pyrene, a tobacco combustion product. TSE promoted the transition from cell replication to differentiation, resulting in fewer, but larger cells with greater neurite extension. TSE also biased differentiation into the dopaminergic versus the cholinergic phenotype, evidenced by an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity but not choline acetyltransferase. Nicotine likewise promoted differentiation at the expense of cell numbers, but its effect on growth and neurite extension was smaller than that of TSE; furthermore, nicotine did not promote the dopaminergic phenotype. Benzo[a]pyrene had effects opposite to those of TSE, retarding neurodifferentiation, which resulted in higher cell numbers, smaller cells, reduced neurite information, and impaired emergence of both dopaminergic and cholinergic phenotypes. Our studies show that the complex mixture of compounds in tobacco smoke exerts direct effects on neural cell replication and differentiation that resemble those of nicotine in some ways but not others, and most importantly, that are greater in magnitude than can be accounted for from just the nicotine content of TSE. Thus, fetal tobacco smoke exposure, including lower levels associated with second-hand smoke, could be more injurious than would be anticipated from measured levels of nicotine or its metabolites.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.