ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2014
Rethinking risk: gender and injection drug-related HIV risk among female sex workers and their non-commercial partners along the Mexico-U.S. border.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a social network intervention on HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: moderation by network gender composition.Harm reduction journal · 2023Trial
- Intimate relationships and patterns of drug and sexual risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan: A latent class analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- PrEP Awareness, Interest, and Use among Women Who Inject Drugs in Seattle, Washington: A Mixed Methods Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship of PrEP beliefs to perceived personal, interpersonal and structural benefits and barriers to PrEP use in women who inject drugs.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Patterns of and Rationale for the Co-use of Methamphetamine and Opioids: Findings From Qualitative Interviews in New Mexico and Nevada.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Influence of PrEP-Related Stigma and Social Support on PrEP-Use Disclosure among Women Who Inject Drugs and Social Network Members.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- "Generally, you get 86'ed because you're a liability": An application of Integrated Threat Theory to frequently witnessed overdoses and social distancing responses.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2020Article
- An Exploration of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Initiation Among Women Who Inject Drugs.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Men in Community Correction Programs and Their Female Primary Sex Partners: Latent Class Analysis to Identify the Relationship of Clusters of Drug Use and Sexual Behaviors and HIV Risks.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Article
- Defining and assessing vulnerability within law enforcement and public health organisations: a scoping review.Health & justice · 2019Article
- Precarious hope and reframing risk behavior from the ground up: insight from ethnographic research with Rwandan urban refugees in Yaoundé, Cameroon.Conflict and health · 2019Article
- Gendered violence and overdose prevention sites: a rapid ethnographic study during an overdose epidemic in Vancouver, Canada.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Risk Environments and Substance Use Among Mexican Female Sex Work on the U.S.-Mexico Border.Journal of drug issues · 2017Article
- The micro-social risk environment for injection drug use: An event specific analysis of dyadic, situational, and network predictors of injection risk behavior.The International journal on drug policy · 2016Article
- Factors that influence the characteristics of needles and syringes used by people who inject drugs in Tajikistan.Harm reduction journal · 2015Article
- HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region.EBioMedicine · 2015Article
- A qualitative analysis of transitions to heroin injection in Kenya: implications for HIV prevention and harm reduction.Harm reduction journal · 2015Article
- Place of Residence Moderates the Relationship Between Emotional Closeness and Syringe Sharing Among Injection Drug Using Clients of Sex Workers in the US-Mexico Border Region.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
- Strategies for recruiting steady male partners of female sex workers for HIV research.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies of injection drug-using couples suggest a gendered performance of risk in which men exert greater control over drug use and render their female partners vulnerable to HIV infection and other negative health outcomes. This study assesses gender roles in injection drug use as practiced among female sex workers and their intimate male partners within a risk environment marked by rapid socioeconomic changes.
methodsWe draw on quantitative surveys, semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic fieldwork conducted as part of cohort study of HIV/STI risk among female sex workers and their intimate, non-commercial partners along the Mexico-U.S. border. This study employed descriptive statistics and inductive analyses of transcripts and field notes to examine practices related to drug procurement, syringe sharing, and injection assistance among couples in which both partners reported injecting drugs in the past 6 months.
resultsAmong 156 couples in which both partners injected drugs (n=312), our analyses revealed that women's roles in drug use were active and multidimensional, and both partners' injection risk practices represented embodied forms of cooperation and compassion. Women often earned money to purchase drugs and procured drugs to protect their partners from the police. Sharing drugs and syringes and seeking injection assistance were common among couples due to drug market characteristics (e.g., the use of "black tar" heroin that clogs syringes and damages veins). Both women and men provided and received injection assistance, which was typically framed as caring for the partner in need of help.
conclusionOur mixed methods study suggests that in certain risk environments, women are more active participants in injection-related practices than has often been revealed. This participation is shaped by dynamic relationship and structural factors. Our suggestion to consider gendered injection risk as a nuanced and relational process has direct implications for future research and interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.