Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24639440›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2014

50-year trends in US socioeconomic inequalities in health: US-born Black and White Americans, 1959-2008.

Nancy Krieger, Anna Kosheleva, Pamela D Waterman, Jarvis T Chen, Jason Beckfield, Mathew V Kiang

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Quantifying and explaining variation in life expectancy at census tract, county, and state levels in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
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  19. Proportion of U.S. Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence Attributable to Long-term Changes in Risk Factor Distributions.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nancy KriegerDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu.
Anna KoshelevaDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Pamela D WatermanDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jarvis T ChenDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jason BeckfieldDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Mathew V KiangDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvard University · US

Funding

Statistical Methods for the Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Social Disparities in CancerP01CA134294 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI COULL, BRENT ANDREW, DOMINICI, FRANCESCA · 2008 to 2017
$6.8M
EXPLORING TRENDS IN US HEALTH INEQUITIES IN CONTEXT: NHES TO NHANES, 1959-2006R21HD060828 · NICHD · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KRIEGER, NANCY · 2011 to 2012
$565k
NICHD NIH HHS 1 R21 HD060828NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD060828
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDebates exist over whether health inequities are bound to rise as population health improves, due to health improving more quickly among the better off, with most analyses focused on mortality data.

methodsWe analysed 50 years of socioeconomic inequities in measured health status among US-born Black and White Americans, using data from the National Health Examination Surveys (NHES) I-III (1959-70), National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) I-III (1971-94) and NHANES 1999-2008.

resultsAbsolute US socioeconomic health inequities for income percentile and education variously decreased (serum cholesterol; childhood height), stagnated [systolic blood pressure (SBP)], widened [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)] and in some cases reversed (age at menarche), even as on-average values rose (BMI, WC), idled (childhood height) and fell (SBP, serum cholesterol, age at menarche), with patterns often varying by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic measure; similar results occurred for relative inequities. For example, for WC, the adverse 20th (low) vs 80th (high) income percentile gap increased only among Whites (NHES I: 0.71 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.74, 2.16); NHANES 2005-08: 2.10 (95% CI 0.96, 3.62)]. By contrast, age at menarche for girls in the 20th vs 80th income percentile among Black girls remained consistently lower, by 0.34 years (95% CI 0.12, 0.55) whereas among White girls the initial null difference became inverse [NHANES 2005-08: -0.49 years (95% CI -0.86, -0.12; overall P = 0.0015)]. Adjusting for socioeconomic position only modestly altered Black/White health inequities.

conclusionsHealth inequities need not rise as population health improves.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesAdolescentAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanBlood PressureBody Mass IndexChildEducational StatusFemaleHumansIncomeMaleMenarcheMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) - USNational Health Examination Survey (NHES) - USrace/ethnicitysecular trendSocial inequalities in healthsocioeconomic

Identifiers

PMID24639440
PMCPMC4121555
OpenAlexW2096632135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.