ReviewBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2014
Epidemiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Review in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04971694 (A Retrospective Chart Review Evaluating the Impact of Steroid, Diuretic, and Fluid Use Practice Trends in Extreme Premature Infants At Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia), which is not on this map. Cited by 222 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Retrospective Chart Review Evaluating the Impact of Steroid, Diuretic, and Fluid Use Practice Trends in Extreme Premature Infants At Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) At a Single Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 424 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant with budesonide in infants born at or less than 28 weeks' gestation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound score for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of budesonide and surfactant combination for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates based on gestational age.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of postnatal corticosteroids on lung development in newborn animals. A systematic review.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Umbilical cord blood-derived therapy for preterm lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Respiratory research · 2024Pooled it
- Association betweenFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Outpatient Respiratory Management of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Guideline
- Risk Factors and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Mother's Own Milk and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Hydrocortisone, and Outcome among Infants Born Extremely Preterm: Secondary Analysis of the Hydrocortisone Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- [Clinical study of prone positioning in invasive respiratory support for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Development of a peripheral blood transcriptomic gene signature to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Trial
- Should Vitamin A Injections to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death Be Reserved for High-Risk Infants? Reanalysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Randomized Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Prophylactic Sildenafil in Preterm Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Trial
- NTproBNP is a useful early biomarker of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Trial
- [Effect of prone positioning on respiratory function in very preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Temporal changes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity distribution associated with evolving respiratory practices in very preterm infants.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Titrating cumulative neonatal hyperoxia in mice to model bronchopulmonary dysplasia severities.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is among the most common and serious sequelae of preterm birth. BPD affects at least one-quarter of infants born with birth weights less than 1500 g. The incidence of BPD increases with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. Additional important risk factors include intrauterine growth restriction, sepsis, and prolonged exposure to mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. The diagnosis of BPD predicts multiple adverse outcomes including chronic respiratory impairment and neurodevelopmental delay. This review summarizes the diagnostic criteria, incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of BPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.