ReviewViruses2014
Playing hide and seek: how glycosylation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin can modulate the immune response to infection.
Review in Viruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles displaying stabilized prefusion-closed hemagglutinin trimers for influenza vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Observational
- Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis ofViruses · 2026Article
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Genetic characterization of influenza A (A/H3N2) viruses reveals antigenic drift in receptor binding domain and possible vaccine mismatch in strains circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2024-2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Characterization and functional analysis of N-linked glycosylation on the Hendra virus attachment glycoprotein.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Interim 2025/26 influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates with immuno-epidemiological considerations for A(H3N2) subclade K protection, Canada, January 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- The Biological Role of Enveloped Virus Glycosylation and Its Interactions with Antiviral Lectins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Architects of folding, editors of immunity: the strategic use ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comparative N‑glycoproteomics Characterization of N‑glycoproteins of H3N8 Viruses Produced in Chicken Embryos versus MDCK Cells.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic Analyses and Biological Characterization of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in China from 2022 to 2023.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Targeting of Viral N-Glycosylation Modification: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Application Prospects.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Bridging Viral Glycobiology and Lectin Biotechnology for Antiviral and Diagnostic Strategies.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- Article
- Co-Delivery of Multiple Toll-Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Future Sequon Finder - A novel approach for predicting future N-linked glycosylation sequon locations on viral surface proteins.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Mitoquinone Supplementation on Glycan Profiles in a Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive N-glycosylation profiling of recombinant spike S1 protein from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Infectious parvovirus B19 circulates in the blood coated with active host protease inhibitors.Nature communications · 2024Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAV) originate from pandemic IAV and have undergone changes in antigenic structure, including addition of glycans to the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. The viral HA is the major target recognized by neutralizing antibodies and glycans have been proposed to shield antigenic sites on HA, thereby promoting virus survival in the face of widespread vaccination and/or infection. However, addition of glycans can also interfere with the receptor binding properties of HA and this must be compensated for by additional mutations, creating a fitness barrier to accumulation of glycosylation sites. In addition, glycans on HA are also recognized by phylogenetically ancient lectins of the innate immune system and the benefit provided by evasion of humoral immunity is balanced by attenuation of infection. Therefore, a fine balance must exist regarding the optimal pattern of HA glycosylation to offset competing pressures associated with recognition by innate defenses, evasion of humoral immunity and maintenance of virus fitness. In this review, we examine HA glycosylation patterns of IAV associated with pandemic and seasonal influenza and discuss recent advancements in our understanding of interactions between IAV glycans and components of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.