Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24637965›Full record

Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2014

Low-protein formula slows weight gain in infants of overweight mothers.

Jaime Inostroza, Ferdinand Haschke, Philippe Steenhout, Dominik Grathwohl, Steven E Nelson, Ekhard E Ziegler

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed term infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Jaime Inostroza*Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile †Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Vevey, Switzerland ‡Nestlé R&D, Nestec Ltd, Vevey, Switzerland §Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Ferdinand Haschke
Philippe Steenhout
Dominik Grathwohl
Steven E Nelson
Ekhard E Ziegler
Nestlé (Switzerland) · CHUniversity of Iowa · USUniversidad de La Frontera · CL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesInfant formulas provide more protein than breast milk. High protein intakes, as well as maternal obesity, are risk factors for later obesity. The present study tested whether a formula with lower protein content slows weight gain of infants of overweight mothers (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m).

methodsIn a randomized double-blind study infants of overweight mothers received from 3 months an experimental (EXPL) formula with 1.65 g of protein/100 kcal (62.8 kcal/100 mL) and containing probiotics, or a control (CTRL) formula with 2.7 g of protein/100 kcal (65.6 kcal/100 mL). Breast-fed infants were studied concurrently. Primary assessment was between 3 and 6 months, although formulas were fed until 12 months. Biomarkers of protein metabolism (blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, insulinogenic amino acids) were measured.

resultsInfants fed the low-protein EXPL formula gained less weight between 3 and 6 months (-1.77 g/day, P=0.024) than infants fed the CTRL formula. In the subgroup of infants of mothers with BMI>30 kg/m the difference was -4.21 g/day (P=0.017). Weight (P=0.011) and BMI (P=0.027) of EXPL infants remained lower than that of CTRL infants until 2 years but were similar to that of breast-fed infants. Blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, and insulinogenic amino acids at 6 months were significantly lower in EXPL compared with CTRL.

conclusionsA low-protein formula with probiotics slowed weight gain between 3 and 6 months in infants of overweight mothers. Weight gain and biomarkers were more like those of breast-fed infants.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsBlood Urea NitrogenBody Mass IndexBreast FeedingChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolDietary ProteinsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansInfantInfant FormulaInsulin-Like Growth Factor IMaleOverweightPregnancyAmino AcidsDietary ProteinsIGF1 protein, humanInsulin-Like Growth Factor I

Identifiers

PMID24637965
PMCPMC4086775
OpenAlexW2078020029

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.