ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2014
Toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of phthalates and their mixtures.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and arterial stiffness in women of reproductive age: a New York City cohort analysis.Environment international · 2026Article
- Use of Chemical Hair Straighteners and Menstrual Disturbances.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Article
- Phthalate-induced effects in algae and fishes: insights into environmental toxicology.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Article
- Placental angiogenic biomarkers in relation to prenatal bisphenol and phthalate exposure.Placenta · 2026Article
- Article
- Co-targeting CDK4/6 enhances anti-cancer activity and alleviates immune-related adverse events of anti-PD-1 antibody for breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Associations between urinary biomarkers of phthalates and phthalate alternatives and female sexual function in a North American cohort.The journal of sexual medicine · 2025Article
- The Plasticizer Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) Impairs Pregnancy Vascular Health: Insights into Calcium Signaling and Nitric Oxide Involvement.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- In utero exposure to a mixture of phthalates, parabens, and other phenols and menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescents.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Review
- Sulforaphane substantially impedes testicular ferroptosis in adult rats exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate through activation of NRF-2/SLC7A11/GPX-4 trajectory.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly on dibutyl phthalate-induced liver injury in rats.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025Article
- Di-n-butyl and di-iso-pentyl phthalates and their mixture increase oxidative stress and embryo-larval malformations in zebrafish (Danio rerio).Genetics and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Additives in Processed Foods as a Potential Source of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Probiotics as Potential Tool to Mitigate Nucleotide Metabolism Alterations Induced by DiNP Dietary Exposure inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Factors derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells reverse neurological deficits in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Confirmation of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced micronuclei by repeated dose liver micronucleus assay: focus on evaluation of liver micronucleus assay in young rats.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Article
- Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and their mixture with lung function in Mexican children.Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and phthalates and altered patterns of DNA methylation in childhood.Environment international · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phthalates, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become ubiquitous contaminants worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and their mixtures. Using a 72 h zebrafish embryo toxicity test, the LC50 values of BBP, DBP and a mixture of the six phthalates were found to be 0.72, 0.63 and 0.50 ppm, respectively. The other four phthalates did not cause more than 50% exposed embryo mortality even at their highest soluble concentrations. The typical toxicity symptoms caused by phthalates were death, tail curvature, necrosis, cardio edema and no touch response. Using an estrogen-responsive ChgH-EGFP transgenic medaka (Oryzias melastigma) eleutheroembryos based 24 h test, BBP demonstrated estrogenic activity, DBP, DEHP, DINP and the mixture of the six phthalates exhibited enhanced-estrogenic activity and DIDP and DNOP showed no enhanced- or anti-estrogenic activity. These findings highlighted the developmental toxicity of BBP and DBP, and the estrogenic endocrine disrupting activity of BBP, DBP, DEHP and DINP on intact organisms, indicating that the widespread use of these phthalates may cause potential health risks to human beings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.