Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2014
Impact of randomized antiretroviral therapy initiation on glucose metabolism.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Race/Ethnicity and Protease Inhibitor Use Influence Plasma Tenofovir Exposure in Adults Living with HIV-1 in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Reductions in Plasma Cystatin C After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Are Associated With Reductions in Inflammation: ACTG A5224s.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Leukocyte count and new-onset diabetes mellitus in people with HIV: A longitudinal study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- New onset type 2 diabetes mellitus risks with integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism open · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women.Circulation research · 2022 · on this mapReview
- HIV Protease Inhibitors and Insulin Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Derangement of Liver Enzymes, Hyperglycemia, Anemia, and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Regimen in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.BioMed research international · 2021Observational
- Weight gain among treatment-naïve persons with HIV starting integrase inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in a large observational cohort in the United States and Canada.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Greater Weight Gain in Treatment-naive Persons Starting Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors in Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Regimen Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Ethiopian Patients: A Hospital-Based Observational Prospective Cohort Study.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2020Article
- Noninfectious Comorbidity in the African Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Is there a connection between gestational diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and tuberculosis?The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2019Review
- Diabetes and HIV.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Adults With HIV Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy: a Brief Update.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Affect Metabolic Changes Seen With ART Initiation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV in Africa: re-emerging challenges not to be forgotten.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Review
- Changes in Insulin Resistance After Initiation of Raltegravir or Protease Inhibitors With Tenofovir-Emtricitabine: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5260s.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrior studies have found that early HIV protease inhibitors contribute to glucose dysregulation. Few randomized trials have evaluated glucose indices in antiretroviral-naive individuals on newer antiretroviral therapy (ART).
methodsA5224s was a substudy of A5202, a prospective trial of 1857 ART-naive participants randomized to blinded abacavir-lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or tenofovir DF-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) with open-label efavirenz (EFV) or atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV/r). Analyses used two-sample t-tests, Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression.
resultsA5224s included 269 nondiabetic individuals: 85% men, 47% white non-Hispanic, baseline median age 38 years, HIV-1 RNA 4.6 log10 copies/ml and CD4 cell count 233 cells/μl. Overall, significant 96-week increases occurred in fasting glucose, insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), P ≤ 0.004. Assignment to EFV (versus ATV/r) resulted in significantly greater glucose increase [mean difference 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 7.5 mg/dl; P = 0.006] but not insulin or HOMA-IR (P ≥ 0.72). Glucose indices were not significantly different between ABC/3TC and TDF/FTC arms, P ≥ 0.18. Significant correlations were detected between changes in glucose indices and changes in BMI; all r ≥ 0.23, P ≤ 0.001. In multivariable analyses, in addition to the EFV effect, higher baseline HIV-1 RNA and greater BMI change were significant independent factors associated with greater glucose increase.
conclusionChanges in glucose metabolism were not significantly different between TDF/FTC and ABC/3TC-based regimens. A small but significantly greater increase in glucose was observed in those assigned to EFV. As glucose dysregulation may increase with time on ART, longer term studies will be needed to further clarify the clinical significance of these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.