Observational studyAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2014
Association between source of infection and hospital mortality in patients who have septic shock.
Observational study in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 273 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coupled plasma filtration adsorption for the treatment of sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Shorter Versus Longer Courses of Antibiotics for Infection in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of hospital medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion and mortality in critically ill adult patients with sepsis/septic shock: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- The unrestricted global effort to complete the COOL trial.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2023Trial
- Ethical considerations in conducting surgical research in severe complicated intra-abdominal sepsis.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2019Trial
- Characteristics, management, and in-hospital mortality among patients with severe sepsis in intensive care units in Japan: the FORECAST study.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Early changes of the kinetics of monocyte trem-1 reflect final outcome in human sepsis.BMC immunology · 2014Trial
- Immunology of Sepsis.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- A multimodal embedding model for sepsis data representation.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of single-stage endoscopic stone removal and the timing of ERCP for acute cholangitis: a multicenter study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- High blood pressure-targeted management associated with reduced benefits of higher body mass index in elderly patients with septic shock: a post hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Inhibiting TIRAP-mediated inflammatory signaling: A promising therapeutic strategy against sepsis.Biochemical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Emergency one-stage endoscopic treatment in the older adults with acute cholangitis with choledocholithiasis: a propensity score-matched analysis.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- High-density lipoprotein: a biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Prediction of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis based on a predictive model: A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Observational
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleMortality caused by septic shock may be determined by a systemic inflammatory response, independent of the inciting infection, but it may also be influenced by the anatomic source of infection.
objectivesTo determine the association between the anatomic source of infection and hospital mortality in critically ill patients who have septic shock.
methodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of 7,974 patients who had septic shock in 29 academic and community intensive care units in Canada, the United States, and Saudi Arabia from January 1989 to May 2008. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsSubjects were assigned 1 of 20 anatomic sources of infection based on clinical diagnosis and/or isolation of pathogens. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Overall crude hospital mortality was 52% (21-85% across sources of infection). Variation in mortality remained after adjusting for year of admission, geographic source of admission, age, sex, comorbidities, community- versus hospital-acquired infection, and organism type. The source of infection with the highest standardized hospital mortality was ischemic bowel (75%); the lowest was obstructive uropathy-associated urinary tract infection (26%). Residual variation in adjusted hospital mortality was not explained by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, number of Day 1 organ failures, bacteremia, appropriateness of empiric antimicrobials, or adjunct therapies. In patients who received appropriate antimicrobials after onset of hypotension, source of infection was associated with death after adjustment for both predisposing and downstream factors.
conclusionsAnatomic source of infection should be considered in future trial designs and analyses, and in development of prognostic scoring systems.
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