Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24634796›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical & cellular immunology2013

Corneal Allograft Rejection: Immunopathogenesis to Therapeutics.

Yureeda Qazi, Pedram Hamrah

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical & cellular immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Etiology, surgical management, and outcomes of patients with scleral thinning.The Journal of international medical research · 2026
    Observational
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Corneal Myofibroblasts Suppress T-Cell Immunity in Corneal Transplantation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Effector T Cells Promote Fibrosis in Corneal Transplantation Failure.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Enhanced immune responses to vaccine antigens in the corneal stroma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yureeda QaziOcular Surface and Imaging Center & Cornea Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Pedram HamrahOcular Surface and Imaging Center & Cornea Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Immunobiology of Corneal Antigen-Presenting CellsK08EY020575 · NEI · MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY · PI HAMRAH, PEDRAM · 2010 to 2013
$914k
NEI NIH HHS K08 EY020575
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Corneal transplantation is among the most successful solid organ transplants. However, despite low rejection rates of grafts in the 'low-risk' setting, rejection can be as high as 70% when grafted into 'high-risk' recipient beds. Under normal homeostatic conditions, the avascular cornea provides a unique environment that facilitates immune and angiogenic privilege. An imbalance in pro-inflammatory, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic mediators leads to a breakdown in corneal immune privilege with a consequent host response against the donor graft. Recent developments in lamellar and endothelial keratoplasties have reduced the rates of graft rejection even more, while providing improved visual outcomes. The corneal layer against which an immune response is initiated, largely determines reversibility of the acute episode. While epithelial and stromal graft rejection may be treated with topical corticosteroids with higher success, acute endothelial rejection mandates a more aggressive approach to therapy due to the lack of regenerative capacity of this layer. However, current immunosuppressive regimens come with the caveat of ocular and systemic side effects, making prolonged aggressive treatment undesirable. With the advent of biologics, efficacious therapies with a superior side effect profile are on the horizon. In our review we discuss the mediators of ocular immune privilege, the roles of cellular and molecular immune players in graft rejection, with a focus on human leukocyte antigen and antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical risk factors for graft rejection and compare rates of rejection in lamellar and endothelial keratoplasties to traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Lastly, we present the current and upcoming measures of therapeutic strategies to manage and treat graft rejection, including an overview of biologics and small molecule therapy.

Indexed as

Allograft rejectionAngiogenesisAntigen presenting cellsHuman leukocyte antigenImmune privilegeImmune suppressionKeratoplastyLymphangiogenesis

Identifiers

PMID24634796
PMCPMC3954811

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.