SynthesisBMJ open2014
Systematic review and meta-analysis of opioid antagonists for smoking cessation.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- The effects of naltrexone on retention in treatment and being opioid-free in opioid-dependent people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Hormones on Responses to Varenicline and Naltrexone Among Female Heavy Drinking Smokers.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2022Trial
- Impact of the Ottawa model on opiate screening and smoking cessation in methadone-treated patients with opioid use disorder: A retrospective cohort analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- New medications development for smoking cessation.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Elucidating the reinforcing effects of nicotine: a tribute to Nadia Chaudhri.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Review
- Neurological Effects of Combining Low Toxic Dose of Tramadol and Nicotine: An Animal Model Evidence of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2020Review
- Therapeutic challenges for concurrent ethanol and nicotine consumption: naltrexone and varenicline fail to alter simultaneous ethanol and nicotine intake by female alcohol-preferring (P) rats.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Co-occurring Opioid and Nicotine Use.Current addiction reports · 2019Article
- Indications for Opioid Antagonists.Current pain and headache reports · 2017Review
- Endogenous opioid system: a promising target for future smoking cessation medications.Psychopharmacology · 2017Review
- The effectiveness of naltrexone combined with current smoking cessation medication to attenuate post smoking cessation weight gain: a literature review.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2017Review
- A gene-by-sex interaction for nicotine reward: evidence from humanized mice and epidemiology.Translational psychiatry · 2016Article
- Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2015Article
- Review
- A multifactoral analysis of 1452 patients for smoking sensation. An outpatient lab experience.Journal of Cancer · 2014Article
- Current pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation and new agents undergoing clinical trials.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of opioid antagonists in promoting long-term smoking cessation. Post-treatment abstinence was examined as a secondary outcome and effects on withdrawal symptoms, craving and reduced consumption were also explored.
designThe search strategy for this meta-analysis included clinical trials (published and unpublished data) in the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register and MEDLINE.
participantsAdult smokers.
interventionsWe included randomised trials comparing opioid antagonists to placebo or an alternative therapy for smoking cessation and reported data on abstinence for a minimum of 6 months. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included smoking abstinence at long-term follow-up (primary); abstinence at end of treatment (secondary); and effects on withdrawal, craving and smoking consumption (exploratory).
results8 trials with a total of 1213 participants were included. Half the trials examined the benefit of adding naltrexone versus placebo to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was no significant difference between naltrexone and placebo alone (relative risk (RR) 1.00; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.51) or as an adjunct to NRT (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.30), with an overall pooled estimate of RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.24. Findings for naltrexone effects on withdrawal, craving and reduced smoking were equivocal.
conclusionsThe findings indicate no beneficial effect of naltrexone alone or as an adjunct to NRT on short-term or long-term smoking abstinence. While further trials may narrow the confidence limits, they are unlikely to appreciably alter the conclusion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.