Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24633466›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2014

Age estimation for forensic purposes in Italy: ethical issues.

Martina Focardi, Vilma Pinchi, Federica De Luca, Gian-Aristide Norelli

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
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  5. Article
  6. Molecular Age Estimation: Current Perspectives and Future Considerations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Martina FocardiSection of Forensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, federica.del@virgilio.it.
Vilma Pinchi
Federica De Luca
Gian-Aristide Norelli

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Age assessment in children and young adults is a relevant medicolegal issue due to the gradual increase of persons devoid of proper identification documents in European countries. Because of the illegal immigration and growing crime rates among children and adolescents, age estimation for forensic purposes is often required. The scientific research and the extensive experience of forensic experts in the last decades focused on the use of radiographic methods addressed to evaluate the degree of skeletal or dental development as the most accurate parameters to estimate the chronological age of children and adolescents. This paper analyzes the ethical issues related to age estimation procedures based on radiographic methods, showing how the ethical principles of beneficence, nonmalevolence, justice, and autonomy may be guaranteed during the execution of the age assessment in forensic practice. The procedure might be conducted in accordance with international guidelines and protocols, though they need a higher homogenization and standardization. A strong collaboration between various scientific societies of professionals (forensic odontologists, forensic pathologists, forensic anthropologist, radiologists, pediatricians, and psychologists), who have been involved in age estimation for years, is needed to reach this goal.

Indexed as

Age Determination by TeethAdolescentAge Determination by SkeletonBeneficenceBone and BonesChildCrimeEmigrants and ImmigrantsHumansItalyMinorsPersonal AutonomyRadiation DosageRadiography, Panoramic

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.