ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Association of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites with risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective investigation in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Filling gaps in population estimates of phthalate exposure globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international biomonitoring data.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Pooled it
- Temporal exposure and consistency of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a longitudinal study of individuals with impaired fasting glucose.Environmental research · 2021Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and metabolic effects: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Bisphenol A exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2018Pooled it
- The association between bisphenol A exposure and type-2 diabetes: a world systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Pooled it
- Bisphenol A and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2015Pooled it
- Bisphenol A decreases peripheral insulin sensitivity in normal weight adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Novel insights of elevated systemic levels of bisphenol-A (BPA) linked to poor glycemic control, accelerated cellular senescence and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2019Trial
- Metabolism-disrupting compounds and metabolic health during the menopausal transition: a narrative review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Review
- Metabolomics and Human Health: Progress, Insights, Challenges and the Concept of a Healthy Metabolome.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals exposure: cardiometabolic health risk in humans.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Phthalate Metabolites and Their Relationship with Abdominal and General Obesity: Evidence from the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS).Nutrients · 2025Article
- LOW-RANK LONGITUDINAL FACTOR REGRESSION WITH APPLICATION TO CHEMICAL MIXTURES.The annals of applied statistics · 2025Article
- Article
- Hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly on dibutyl phthalate-induced liver injury in rats.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025Article
- Associations of urinary biomarkers of phthalates, phenols, parabens, and organophosphate esters with glycemic traits in pregnancy: The Healthy Start Study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease: analysis of three large US prospective cohorts and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Assessment of Phthalate Esters and Physiological Biomarkers in Bottlenose Dolphins (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProspective evidence regarding associations for exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking.
objectiveWe prospectively examined urinary concentrations of BPA and phthalate metabolites with T2D risk.
methodsWe measured BPA and eight major phthalate metabolites among 971 incident T2D case-control pairs from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (mean age, 65.6 years) and NHSII (mean age, 45.6 years).
resultsIn the NHSII, BPA levels were not associated with incident T2D in multivariate-adjusted analysis until body mass index was adjusted: odds ratio (OR) comparing extreme BPA quartiles increased from 1.40 (95% CI: 0.91, 2.15) to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.69; p(trend) = 0.02) with such an adjustment. In contrast, BPA concentrations were not associated with T2D in the NHS (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.38; p(trend) = 0.45). Likewise, urinary concentrations of total phthalate metabolites were associated with T2D in the NHSII (OR comparing extreme quartiles = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.85; p(trend) = 0.02), but not in the NHS (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.53; p(trend) = 0.29). Summed metabolites of butyl phthalates or di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates were significantly associated with T2D only in the NHSII; ORs comparing extreme quartiles were 3.16 (95% CI: 1.68, 5.95; p(trend) = 0.0002) and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.49; p(trend) = 0.20), respectively.
conclusionsThese results suggest that BPA and phthalate exposures may be associated with the risk of T2D among middle-aged, but not older, women. The divergent findings between the two cohorts might be explained by menopausal status or simply by chance. Clearly, these results need to be interpreted with caution and should be replicated in future studies, ideally with multiple urine samples collected prospectively to improve the measurement of these exposures with short half-lives.
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