ArticleToxins2014
Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, is an immunotoxic compound.
Article in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the PCR-Based Molecular Approaches for Mycotoxigenic Fusarium Species Detection and Quantification in Wheat.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Identification and Thermal Stability Modification of a Zearalenone Lactone Hydrolase ZHD30L.Toxins · 2026Article
- A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Low Doses of Purified Zearalenone in Weaned Female Piglets: A Multi-Organ Toxicity Investigation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reproductive Toxicity of Zearalenone and Its Molecular Mechanisms: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Screening, Identification and Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Degrading Mycotoxin Isolated from the Rumen of Yaks.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Mycotoxin Biodegradation byToxins · 2024Review
- Review
- The Role of Probiotics in Improving Food Safety: Inactivation of Pathogens and Biological Toxins.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Oxidative Status and Histological Evaluation of Wild Boars' Tissues Positive for Zearalenone Contamination in the Campania Region, Southern Italy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Relevance of Zearalenone and its modified forms in bakery products.Mycotoxin research · 2023Review
- Induced Expression of theToxins · 2023Article
- Mycotoxins from Tomato PathogenicJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sequestration of zearalenone using microorganisms blend in vitro.Letters in applied microbiology · 2023Article
- Zearalenone disturbs the reproductive-immune axis in pigs: the role of gut microbial metabolites.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Future Prospective of Radiopharmaceuticals from Natural Compounds Using Iodine Radioisotopes as Theranostic Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Defense Mechanisms of CottonInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Toxicity and preventive approaches of Fusarium derived mycotoxins using lactic acid bacteria: state of the art.Biotechnology letters · 2022Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEA) on the immune function. Ovariectomised rats were treated daily by gavage with 3.0 mg/kg of ZEA for 28 days. Body weight gain, food consumption, haemotological parameters, lymphoid organs, and their cellularities were evaluated. Moreover, acquired immune responses and macrophage activity were also assessed. ZEA promoted reduction in body weight gain, which is not fully explained by diminished food consumption. Despite no effect on haematological parameters, ZEA caused thymic atrophy with histological and thymocyte phenotype changes and decrease in the B cell percentage in the spleen. With respect to acquired and innate immune responses, no statistically significant differences in delayed-type hypersensitivity were noticed; however, in the ZEA-treated rats, antibody production and peroxide release by macrophages were impaired. The observed results could be related to ZEA activity on ERs; thus, ZEA is an immunotoxic compound similar to estrogen and some endocrine disruptors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.