ArticleMagnetic resonance imaging2014
XeNA: an automated 'open-source' (129)Xe hyperpolarizer for clinical use.
Article in Magnetic resonance imaging, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous Delivery of Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Gas Using a "Stopped-Flow" Clinical-Scale Cryogen-Free Hyperpolarizer.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
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- Low-Cost Purpose-Built Ultra-Low-Field NMR Spectrometer.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
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- A simple setup forAIP advances · 2022Article
- Pilot Quality-Assurance Study of a Third-Generation Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Automated Xenon-129 Hyperpolarizer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Enabling Clinical Technologies for HyperpolarizedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2021Review
- Hyperpolarised gas filling station for medical imaging using polarisedMagnetic resonance imaging · 2021Article
- A semi-empirical model to optimize continuous-flow hyperpolarizedJournal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2020Article
- Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for HyperpolarizedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2020Article
- Relayed hyperpolarization fromChemical science · 2019Article
- Relaxation Dynamics of Nuclear Long-Lived Spin States in Propane and Propane-dThe journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces · 2019Article
- Clinical-Scale Batch-Mode Production of Hyperpolarized Propane Gas for MRI.Analytical chemistry · 2019Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents forContrast media & molecular imaging · 2019Review
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers.Molecular imaging and biology · 2018Review
- Heterogeneous Parahydrogen Pairwise Addition to Cyclopropane.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2018Article
- Review
- Achieving Biocompatible SABRE: An in vitro Cytotoxicity Study.ChemMedChem · 2018Article
- A pulse programmable parahydrogen polarizer using a tunable electromagnet and dual channel NMR spectrometer.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Here we provide a full report on the construction, components, and capabilities of our consortium's "open-source" large-scale (~1L/h) (129)Xe hyperpolarizer for clinical, pre-clinical, and materials NMR/MRI (Nikolaou et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 14150 (2013)). The 'hyperpolarizer' is automated and built mostly of off-the-shelf components; moreover, it is designed to be cost-effective and installed in both research laboratories and clinical settings with materials costing less than $125,000. The device runs in the xenon-rich regime (up to 1800Torr Xe in 0.5L) in either stopped-flow or single-batch mode-making cryo-collection of the hyperpolarized gas unnecessary for many applications. In-cell (129)Xe nuclear spin polarization values of ~30%-90% have been measured for Xe loadings of ~300-1600Torr. Typical (129)Xe polarization build-up and T1 relaxation time constants were ~8.5min and ~1.9h respectively under our spin-exchange optical pumping conditions; such ratios, combined with near-unity Rb electron spin polarizations enabled by the high resonant laser power (up to ~200W), permit such high PXe values to be achieved despite the high in-cell Xe densities. Importantly, most of the polarization is maintained during efficient HP gas transfer to other containers, and ultra-long (129)Xe relaxation times (up to nearly 6h) were observed in Tedlar bags following transport to a clinical 3T scanner for MR spectroscopy and imaging as a prelude to in vivo experiments. The device has received FDA IND approval for a clinical study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects. The primary focus of this paper is on the technical/engineering development of the polarizer, with the explicit goals of facilitating the adaptation of design features and operative modes into other laboratories, and of spurring the further advancement of HP-gas MR applications in biomedicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.