ArticleThe American journal on addictions
Cognitive performance profiles by latent classes of drug use.
Article in The American journal on addictions. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis use and nonuse in patients with first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing neurocognitive functioning.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2020Pooled it
- Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibition Deficits in HIV and Cocaine Dependence: Evidence from Stroop and Trail Making Tests.Viruses · 2026Article
- Exploring the Patterns of Recreational Polysubstance Use and Executive Functions in Indian Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Latent transition analysis of instrumental activities of daily living in Chinese elderly: based on the 2014-2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- No evidence of accelerated epigenetic aging among black heroin users: A case vs control analysis.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Patterns of Substance Use and Associations with Mental, Physical, and Social Functioning: A Latent Class Analysis of a National Sample of U.S. Adults Ages 30-80.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe relationship between substance use and cognitive deficits is complex and requires innovative methods to enhance understanding. The present study is the first to use LCA to examine associations of drug use patterns with cognitive performance.
methodsCocaine/heroin users (N = 552) completed questionnaires, and cognitive measures. LCA identified classes based on past-month drug use and adjusted for probabilities of group membership when examining cognitive performance. Latent indicators were: alcohol (ALC), cigarettes (CIG), marijuana (MJ), crack smoking (CS), nasal heroin (NH), injection cocaine (IC), injection heroin (IH), and injection speedball (IS). Age and education were included as covariates in model creation.
resultsBootstrap likelihood ratio test (BLRT) supported a 5-class model. Prevalent indicators (estimated probability of over 50%) for each class are as follows: "Older Nasal Heroin/Crack Smokers" (ONH/CS, n = 166.9): ALC, CIG, NH, CS; "Older, Less Educated Polysubstance" (OLEP, n = 54.8): ALC, CIG, CS, IH, IC, and IS; "Younger Multi-Injectors" (MI, n = 128.7): ALC, CIG, MJ, IH, IC, and IS; "Less Educated Heroin Injectors" (LEHI, n = 87.4): CIG, IH; and "More Educated Nasal Heroin" users (MENH, n = ALC, CIG, NH. In general, all classes performed worse than established norms and older, less educated classes performed worse, with the exception that MENH demonstrated worse cognitive flexibility than YMI. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsThis study demonstrated novel applications of a methodology for examining complicated relationships between polysubstance use and cognitive performance. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Education and/or nasal heroin use are associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in this sample of inner city drug users.
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