ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2014
C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is a prognostic biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03286556 (Study of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, Rituximab and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Acute Exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 123 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, Rituximab and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Acute Exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (STRIVE-IPF)
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatic and immune diseases from single-cell omics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Transcriptomics of interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2025Pooled it
- Decrements of body mass index are associated with poor outcomes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Autoantibody-Targeted Treatments for Acute Exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Tweaking the Complex Fibrogenic Role of Lymphocytes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Proteomic Profiling of Pulmonary Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Microbial metabolite oxindole curbs acute lung injury by suppressing CXCL13.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Plasma proteome adaptations during feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- An hiPSC-derived multi-lineage lung model exhibiting proximal-distal epithelial features for modeling pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Molecular subtyping and prognostic evaluation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a focus on mechanical-related genes.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Large scale plasma proteomic profiles improve prediction of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in general population.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Active Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immune Responses Are Shared among Patients with Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Adiponectin deficiency prevents chronic colitis-associated colonic fibrosis via inhibiting CXCL13 production.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- T Regulatory Mechanisms in Airway and Interstitial Lung Disease.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Machine learning-based integration identifies plasma cells-related gene signature ST6GAL1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Unravelling the interplay between respiratory disease and the immune landscape in long COVID.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Lung signals drive cancer-associated blood clots.Nature · 2025Article
- Distinct type 1 immune networks underlie the severity of restrictive lung disease after COVID-19.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- The role of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13 chemokines in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleC-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) mediates B-cell trafficking and is increased, proportionately to disease activity, in many antibody-mediated syndromes. Dysregulated B cells have recently been implicated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis.
objectivesTo determine if CXCL13 is associated with IPF progression.
methodsCXCL13 was measured in lungs by DNA microarray and immunohistochemistry, and in plasma by ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsCXCL13 mRNA was threefold and eightfold greater in IPF lungs (n = 92) compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 191) and normal (n = 108) specimens, respectively (P < 0.0001). IPF lungs also showed increased CXCL13 staining. Plasma CXCL13 concentrations (pg/ml) were greater in 95 patients with IPF (94 ± 8) than in 128 subjects with COPD (53 ± 9) and 57 normal subjects (35 ± 3) (P < 0.0001). Circulating CXCL13 levels were highest in patients with IPF with pulmonary artery hypertension (P = 0.01) or acute exacerbations (P = 0.002). Six-month survival of patients with IPF in the highest quartile of plasma CXCL13 was 65 ± 10% versus 93 ± 10% in the others (hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-16.9; P = 0.0008). CXCL13 increases by more than 50% in IPF serial assays, irrespective of initial values, also presaged respiratory failure (hazard ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-40.0; P = 0.008). In contrast, CXCL13 clinical associations in subjects with COPD were limited to modest correlations with FEV1 (P = 0.05) and progression of radiographic emphysema (P = 0.05).
conclusionsCXCL13 is increased and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with IPF, and more so than in patients with COPD. This contrast indicates CXCL13 overexpressions are intrinsic to IPF, rather than an epiphenomenon of lung injury. The present data implicate CXCL13 and B cells in IPF pathogenesis, and support considerations for trials of specific B-cell-targeted therapies in patients with this intractable disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.