ArticleJournal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association2012
The effects of immersion in water on labor, birth and newborn and comparison with epidural analgesia and conventional vaginal delivery.
Article in Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A Discrete Choice Experiment on Women's Preferences for Water Immersion During Labor and Birth: Identification, Refinement and Selection of Attributes and Levels.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Birth-Related Perineal Trauma in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Pooled it
- Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Water Birth Compared with Conventional Vaginal Delivery: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from Southeastern Europe.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Water Immersion Versus Epidural as Analgesic Methods during Labor among Low-Risk Women: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of Hydrotherapy on the Management of Childbirth and Its Outcomes-A Retrospective Cohort Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Safety and Effect of the Use of Hydrotherapy during Labour: A Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Waterbirth: current knowledge and medico-legal issues.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Prospective cohort study of water immersion for labour and birth compared with standard care in an Irish maternity setting.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Factors influencing water immersion during labour: qualitative case studies of six maternity units in the United Kingdom.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Neonatal Outcomes Following Delivery in Water: Evaluation of Safety in a District General Hospital.Cureus · 2018Article
- Experiences of Greek women of water immersion during normal labour and birth. A qualitative study.European journal of midwifery · 2018Article
- Effects of Comfort Education on Maternal Comfort and Labor Pain.The Journal of perinatal education · 2017Article
- Case Report of Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis in a Newborn Infant Following Water Birth and a Review of Literature.AJP reports · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo document the practice of labour in water, to assess the effects of water immersion during labor and/or birth (labour stages 1, 2 and 3) on maternal, fetal and neonatal wellbeing and to compare the outcomes and safety with conventional vaginal deliveries and deliveries with epidural analgesia. MATERIAL AND
methodsTwo-hundred and seven women electing for waterbirth (n=207) were compared with women having conventional vaginal deliveries (n=204) and vaginal deliveries with epidural analgesia (n=191). Demographic data, length of 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) stage of labor, induction and episiotomy requirements, perineal trauma, apgar scores, NICU requirements and VAS scores were noted.
resultsThe 1(st) stage of labor was shorter in waterbirths compared with vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia but the 2(nd) and 3(rd) stage of labor were shortest in patients having waterbirth compared with conventional vaginal delivery and vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia. Patients having waterbirth had less requirement for induction and episiotomy but had more perineal laceration. All women having waterbirths had reduced analgesia requirements and had lower scores on VAS. There was no difference in terms of NICU admission between the groups. Apgar scores were comparable in both groups. There were no neonatal deaths or neonatal infections during the study.
conclusionThe study demonstrates the advantages of labor in water in terms of reduction in 2(nd) and 3(rd) stage of labor, reduction in pain and obstetric intervention such as induction or amniotomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.