ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2014
Carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde reduce Clostridium difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ecological and dietary strategies to constrain Clostridioides difficile.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Deciphering strain differences in codY regulation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Investigation mechanisms of action and resistance of Edwardsiella ictaluri to trans-cinnamaldehyde.PloS one · 2026Article
- The swine IsoLoop model of the gut host-microbiota interface enables intra-animal treatment comparisons to advance 3R principles.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Antiviral Activity ofACS omega · 2025Article
- Baicalein and Berberine Inhibit the Growth and Virulence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Comprehensive Overview of Antibacterial Drugs and Natural Antibacterial Compounds Found in Food Plants.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Current View on Major Natural Compounds Endowed with Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nutritional and Physiological Properties ofNutrients · 2024Article
- The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Achillea millefolium L. extracts on Clostridioides difficile ribotype 001 in human intestinal epithelial cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Interactions of naturally occurring compounds with antimicrobials.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
- Plant Antimicrobials for Food Quality and Safety: Recent Views and Future Challenges.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Virulence factors and quorum sensing as targets of new therapeutic options by plant-derived compounds against bacterial infections caused by human and animal pathogens.Veterinary world · 2023Review
- Plant-Derived Products with Therapeutic Potential against Gastrointestinal Bacteria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Impact of Za'atar Antioxidant Compounds on the Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Insights for Future Clinical Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Activities of Carvacrol against PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird's health and production.Poultry science · 2022Review
- Study of antimicrobial activity and mechanism of vapor-phase cinnamaldehyde for killingFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Exhibits Synergy with Conventional Antibiotic against Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. Reducing C. difficile toxin production could significantly minimize its pathogenicity and improve disease outcomes in humans. This study investigated the efficacy of two, food-grade, plant-derived compounds, namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and carvacrol (CR) in reducing C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro. Three hypervirulent C. difficile isolates were grown with or without the sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC or CR, and the culture supernatant and the bacterial pellet were collected for total toxin quantitation, Vero cell cytotoxicity assay and RT-qPCR analysis of toxin-encoding genes. The effect of CR and TC on a codY mutant and wild type C. difficile was also investigated. Carvacrol and TC substantially reduced C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The plant compounds also significantly down-regulated toxin production genes. Carvacrol and TC did not inhibit toxin production in the codY mutant of C. difficile, suggesting a potential codY-mediated anti-toxigenic mechanism of the plant compounds. The antitoxigenic concentrations of CR and TC did not inhibit the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Our results suggest that CR and TC could potentially be used to control C. difficile, and warrant future studies in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.