SynthesisAmerican journal of public health2014
A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers.
Synthesis in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of sexual violence against sex workers: implications for mental and sexual health.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Global Prevalence of Sexual Violence Among Cisgender Female Sex Workers: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Population sizes, HIV prevalence, and HIV prevention among men who paid for sex in sub-Saharan Africa (2000-2020): A meta-analysis of 87 population-based surveys.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2020Pooled it
- Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a combination HIV risk reduction and economic empowerment intervention for women engaged in sex work in Uganda.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Reducing Partner Violence Against Women who Exchange Sex and use Drugs through a Combination Microfinance and HIV Risk Reduction Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Project Shikamana: Community Empowerment-Based Combination HIV Prevention Significantly Impacts HIV Incidence and Care Continuum Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- How Can Programs Better Support Female Sex Workers to Avoid HIV Infection in Zimbabwe? A Prevention Cascade Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- The impact of a microsavings intervention on reducing violence against women engaged in sex work: a randomized controlled study.BMC international health and human rights · 2016Trial
- Observational
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual and Physical Violence Against Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide Survey in 2024.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Contraceptive and condom use among women from key populations in Myanmar.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Risk, Resilience and Survival: Migrant Sex Workers on Accra's Oxford Street, Ghana.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Barriers and Enabling Factors for Taking PrEP: The Lived Perspectives of Female, Male and Transgender Sex Workers in Thailand.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Preferences of Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From the South-Western Region of Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review in June 2012 (updated September 2013) to examine the prevalence and factors shaping sexual or physical violence against sex workers globally. We identified 1536 (update = 340) unique articles. We included 28 studies, with 14 more contributing to violence prevalence estimates. Lifetime prevalence of any or combined workplace violence ranged from 45% to 75% and over the past year, 32% to 55%. Growing research links contextual factors with violence against sex workers, alongside known interpersonal and individual risks. This high burden of violence against sex workers globally and large gaps in epidemiological data support the need for research and structural interventions to better document and respond to the contextual factors shaping this violence. Measurement and methodological innovation, in partnership with sex work communities, are critical.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.