ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
TLR Agonists as Modulators of the Innate Immune Response and Their Potential as Agents Against Infectious Disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of structural and immunological features of mollusk toll-like receptors in aquaculture context.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Enhances Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Osteoclastogenic Responses in the Absence of Exogenous RANKL: Implications for Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis in Periodontitis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Pro-Inflammatory Action of Different Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Porcine Hepatic and Intestinal Cell Cultures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Targeting Toll-like Receptor 2: synthetic diacylated lipopeptides polarize equine macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development of nanoparticle-based Toll-like receptor agonists for respiratory immunotherapy.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Pan-genome and reverse vaccinology for a multi-epitope vaccine against circulating post-2022 Monkeypox virus strains.PloS one · 2026Article
- Emerging therapies for HBsAg seroclearance: spotlight on novel combination strategies.Hepatology international · 2025Review
- Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Evaluation of intranasal TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051: safety, tolerability and proof of pharmacology.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Immunomodulation in Non-traditional Therapies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Management.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Arsenic album 30C exhibits crystalline nano structure of arsenic trioxide and modulates innate immune markers in murine macrophage cell lines.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fever-Range Hyperthermia Promotes Macrophage Polarization towards Regulatory Phenotype M2b.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Identification of toll-like receptor 5 and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 as hub genes are correlated with the severe forms of COVID-19 by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis.IET systems biology · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptor 7 and RIG-I-like receptors expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of naïve patients with hepatitis C.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- The characterization of toll-like receptor repertoire inEcology and evolution · 2023Article
- Nanotherapeutics with immunoregulatory functions for the treatment of bacterial infection.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- A TLR4 agonist liposome formulation effectively stimulates innate immunity and enhances protection from bacterial infection.Innate immunity · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapies that can either activate or suppress innate immune responses are being investigated as treatments against infectious diseases and the pathology they can cause. The objective of these therapies is to elicit protective immune responses thereby limiting the harm inflicted by the pathogen. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays critical roles in numerous host immune defenses and has been identified as an immunotherapeutic target against the consequences of infectious challenge. This review focuses on some of the recent advances being made in the development of TLR-ligands as potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.