ArticlePharmaceutical research2014
Vaccine delivery to the oral cavity using coated microneedles induces systemic and mucosal immunity.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- A crossover clinical study to evaluate pain intensity from microneedle insertion in different parts of the oral cavity.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2021Trial
- Combined electrospun fibre-microneedle patches for enhanced transmucosal delivery of benzodiazepines and proteins.Biomaterials science · 2026Article
- Host modulation therapy in periodontitis: from established therapies to emerging technologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microneedle delivery systems for vaccines and immunotherapy.Smart molecules : open access · 2025Review
- Epithelial competition determines gene therapy potential to suppress Fanconi Anemia oral cancer risk.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Polymeric 3D-Printed Microneedle Arrays for Non-Transdermal Drug Delivery and Diagnostics.Polymers · 2025Review
- Epithelial competition determines gene therapy potential to suppress Fanconi Anemia oral cancer risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microneedle Innovations in Oral Therapeutics: Transforming Protein and Peptide Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Microneedle Innovations in Oral Therapeutics: Transforming Protein and Peptide Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Review
- Oral mucosal vaccination using integrated fiber microneedles.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Drug Delivery Systems based on Microneedles for Dermatological Diseases and Aesthetic Enhancement.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- Intraoral medical devices for sustained drug delivery.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Review
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles with Applications in Oral Diseases Management.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Microneedle-mediated treatment for superficial tumors by combining multiple strategies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Polymeric Biomaterials for Topical Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity: Advances on Devices and Manufacturing Technologies.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Non-dermal applications of microneedle drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- Microneedle systems for delivering nucleic acid drugs.Journal of pharmaceutical investigation · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using coated microneedles to deliver vaccines into the oral cavity to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses.
methodMicroneedles were coated with sulforhodamine, ovalbumin and two HIV antigens. Coated microneedles were inserted into the inner lower lip and dorsal surface of the tongue of rabbits. Histology was used to confirm microneedle insertion, and systemic and mucosal immune responses were characterized by measuring antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva, respectively.
resultsHistological evaluation of tissues shows that coated microneedles can penetrate the lip and tongue to deliver coatings. Using ovalbumin as a model antigen it was found that the lip and the tongue are equally immunogenic sites for vaccination. Importantly, both sites also induced a significant (p < 0.05) secretory IgA in saliva compared to pre-immune saliva. Microneedle-based oral cavity vaccination was also compared to the intramuscular route using two HIV antigens, a virus-like particle and a DNA vaccine. Microneedle-based delivery to the oral cavity and the intramuscular route exhibited similar (p > 0.05) yet significant (p < 0.05) levels of antigen-specific IgG in serum. However, only the microneedle-based oral cavity vaccination group stimulated a significantly higher (p < 0.05) antigen-specific IgA response in saliva, but not intramuscular injection.
conclusionIn conclusion, this study provides a novel method using microneedles to induce systemic IgG and secretory IgA in saliva, and could offer a versatile technique for oral mucosal vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.