ArticleEpigenetics2014
Frequent promoter hypermethylation and expression reduction of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in breast tumors.
Article in Epigenetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic Pathways in Human Disease: The Impact of DNA Methylation on Stress-Related Pathogenesis and Current Challenges in Biomarker Development.EBioMedicine · 2017Pooled it
- Differences in MicroRNA Expression in Firefighters Responding to a Train Derailment and Fire in East Palestine, Ohio.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- A Society-to-Cells approach to evaluating multilevel and interrelated drivers of breast cancer disparities in Black women.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- The Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study: Protocol for a Longitudinal Occupational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Impact of Structural Racism and Social Determinants of Health on Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality.Cancer research · 2024Review
- Luminal breast cancer identity is determined by loss of glucocorticoid receptor activity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Maternal-infant interaction quality is associated with child NR3C1 CpG site methylation at 7 years of age.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- Mechanisms behind context-dependent role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer progression.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations.Cancers · 2022Review
- Stress sensing within the breast tumor microenvironment: how glucocorticoid receptors live in the moment.Essays in biochemistry · 2021Review
- Disparities in Surgical Oncology: Management of Advanced Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Review
- The Role of Psychologic Stress in Cancer Initiation: Clinical Relevance and Potential Molecular Mechanisms.Cancer research · 2021Review
- Review
- A DNA methylation-based liquid biopsy for triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2021Article
- Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Multifaceted Actor in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Investigate the Molecular Targets of Sinomenine for Treating Breast Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2021Article
- Article
- Region-specific glucocorticoid receptor promoter methylation has both positive and negative prognostic value in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2019Article
- A General Introduction to Glucocorticoid Biology.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- DNA methylation among firefighters.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have found that expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is altered or reduced in various cancers, while the GR promoter has been shown to be methylated in gastric, lung, and colorectal cancers. Examining a small cohort of matched normal and breast cancer samples we found that GR levels were dramatically reduced in almost all tumors in relation to their normal tissue. The methylation status of the GR promoter was assessed to determine if this observed decrease of expression in breast tumors could be due to epigenetic regulation. While it was not methylated in normal tissue, the GR proximal promoter was methylated in 15% of tumor samples, particularly, but not exclusively, in Estrogen Receptor positive tumors. GR expression in these tumors was particularly low and loss of GR expression was specifically correlated with methylation of the proximal promoter GR B region. Overall, these results show that hypermethylation of the promoter in tumors is a frequent event and suggests that GR may act as a tumor suppressor in breast tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.