ArticleDevelopment and psychopathology2014
Prenatal cocaine exposure and trajectories of externalizing behavior problems in early childhood: examining the role of maternal negative affect.
Article in Development and psychopathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal substance exposure and early childhood adversity: implications for child autonomic functioning at early school-age.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in Callous-Unemotional Traits: Early Temperamental and Environmental Risk Factors in a High-Risk Sample.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- From Distress To Disruption in Early Childhood: Time-Varying Associations Between Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, Child Sex and Prenatal Cocaine Exposure.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Caregiving Environmental Risk and Aggression From Infancy to Adolescence in a High-Risk Sample: An Examination of Between-Family and Within-Family Effects.Aggressive behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Prenatal substance exposure, early-life adversity, and parenting: Associations with adolescent stress response.Developmental psychobiology · 2023Article
- Child Community Violence Exposure in an at-Risk Sample: Developmental Trajectories, Caregiving Risks, and the Role of Child Temperament.Psychology of violence · 2022Article
- Interactions between Genetic, Prenatal, Cortisol, and Parenting Influences on Adolescent Substance Use and Frequency: A TRAILS Study.European addiction research · 2022Article
- Parenting and prenatal risk as moderators of genetic influences on conduct problems during middle childhood.Developmental psychology · 2019Article
- Developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: Prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent correlates.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- Prenatal substance exposure and child self-regulation: Pathways to risk and protection.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined the association between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior problems from 18 to 54 months of child age. A hypothesized indirect association between PCE and externalizing trajectories via maternal negative affect was also examined. Caregiving environmental risk and child sex were evaluated as moderators. This study consisted of 196 mother-child dyads recruited at delivery from local area hospitals (107 PCE, 89 non-PCE) and assessed at seven time points across the toddler to preschool periods. Results revealed no direct associations between PCE and externalizing behavior problem trajectories. However, results did indicate that PCE shared a significant indirect relationship with externalizing behavior problem trajectories via higher levels of maternal negative affect. The association between PCE and externalizing problem trajectories was also moderated by caregiving environmental risk such that PCE children in high-risk caregiving environments did not experience the well-documented normative decline in externalizing behavior problems beginning at around 3 years of age. This study suggests potential pathways to externalizing behavior problems among high-risk children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.