ArticleMucosal immunology2014
Loss of estrogen-mediated immunoprotection underlies female gender bias in experimental Crohn's-like ileitis.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Dimorphic Analyses Identify Novel and Sex-Specific Genetic Associations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Gender-Based Differences in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Cell Specific eQTL Analysis without Sorting Cells.PLoS genetics · 2015Pooled it
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha stabilizes regulatory T cell function in autoimmune hepatitis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Women From Puberty to Menopause.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Sex-related differences in the morphology of rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in C57BL/6NCrSlc mice.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Sex Disparities in Treatment Trajectories of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Associated With Diagnostic Delay.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Influence of biological sex in inflammatory bowel diseases.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Estrogen Receptor Alpha Contributes to Intestinal Inflammation in a Murine Model of Ileitis.Journal of cellular immunology · 2025Article
- Safety profile of TNF- alpha Inhibitors in pediatric patients: A post-marketing surveillance study based on the FAERS database.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Colonic Inflammation are Driven by Epithelial-Specific Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Micro- and nano-plastics, intestinal inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the literature.The Science of the total environment · 2024Review
- Sex hormone deprivation abolishes sex-specific differences in murine colon inflammation and related lipid mediator production.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- T Cell-Induced Colitis Is Exacerbated by Prolonged Stress: A Comparison in Male and Female Mice.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Associations between sex hormones, receptors, binding proteins and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Intestinal Tr1 Cells Confer Protection against Colitis in the Absence of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell-Derived IL-10.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Impact of Female Gender in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Biological Sex As a Critical Variable in CD4Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence and severity of Crohn's disease (CD) are increased in female patients. Using SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, a spontaneous model of chronic intestinal inflammation that displays histologic and pathogenic similarities to human CD, we investigated the potential mechanism(s) contributing to sex differences observed in CD. Similar to gender differences observed in CD patients, SAMP female (SAMP-F) mice displayed an earlier onset and more severe ileitis compared with SAMP male (SAMP-M) mice. Furthermore, T-regulatory cells (Tregs) from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of SAMP-F mice were reduced in frequency and impaired in their in vitro and in vivo suppressive functions compared with that of SAMP-M mice. Given the interaction between sex hormones and Treg function, we investigated the possible role of estrogen (E2) in SAMP ileitis. SAMP-M mice responded to exogenous E2 administration by expanding Treg frequency and reducing ileal inflammation, whereas SAMP-F mice were resistant. Conventional T cells and Tregs responded differentially to estrogen signaling, leading to distinct immunoprotective effects mediated by distinct estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms. These mechanisms were impaired in T cells from SAMP-F mice. Thus, hormone signaling influences the expansion and function of GALT Tregs in an ER-dependent manner and contributes to gender-based differences in experimental CD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.