ArticlePloS one2014
The LDL-HDL profile determines the risk of atherosclerosis: a mathematical model.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Determinants of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Asian Populations: A Meta-Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic Syndrome in an Aging Society - Role of Oxidant-Antioxidant Imbalance and Inflammation Markers in Disentangling Atherosclerosis.Clinical interventions in aging · 2021Pooled it
- Strawberry dietary intervention influences diversity and increases abundances of SCFA-producing bacteria in healthy elderly people.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Trial
- Women's Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Risk Stratification Using a Precision and Personalized Framework Embedded with an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Paradigm: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D immune modulation of the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL-associated proteins.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Review
- The Effects of Wuniuzao Green Tea on Mice With High-Fat Diet-Induced Liver Steatosis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Antiatherogenic and plaque stabilizing effects of saffron ethanolic extract in atherosclerotic rabbits.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Alterations in lipid profiles in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection living in Ghana: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Different Intensities of Exercise and Cardiovascular Performance: A Review : Different Intensities of Exercise and pCardiovascular Performance.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- Blood Lipoproteins Shape the Phenotype and Lipid Content of Early Atherosclerotic Lesion Macrophages: A Dual-Structured Mathematical Model.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- Integrating Computational and Biological Hemodynamic Approaches to Improve Modeling of Atherosclerotic Arteries.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Mechano-chemo-biological model of atherosclerosis formation based on the outside-in theory.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Article
- High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: What about Aging and Diet Effects?Nutrients · 2024Review
- A stochastic lipid structured model for macrophage dynamics in atherosclerotic plaques.Journal of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- Haemodynamic Effects on the Development and Stability of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Arterial Blood Vessel.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2023Article
- Steady solution and its stability of a mathematical model of diabetic atherosclerosis.Journal of biological dynamics · 2023Article
- A Lipid-Structured Model of Atherosclerotic Plaque Macrophages with Lipid-Dependent Kinetics.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Glucosinolates Extracts fromNutrients · 2023Article
- Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading death in the United State, is a disease in which a plaque builds up inside the arteries. As the plaque continues to grow, the shear force of the blood flow through the decreasing cross section of the lumen increases. This force may eventually cause rupture of the plaque, resulting in the formation of thrombus, and possibly heart attack. It has long been recognized that the formation of a plaque relates to the cholesterol concentration in the blood. For example, individuals with LDL above 190 mg/dL and HDL below 40 mg/dL are at high risk, while individuals with LDL below 100 mg/dL and HDL above 50 mg/dL are at no risk. In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of the formation of a plaque, which includes the following key variables: LDL and HDL, free radicals and oxidized LDL, MMP and TIMP, cytockines: MCP-1, IFN-γ, IL-12 and PDGF, and cells: macrophages, foam cells, T cells and smooth muscle cells. The model is given by a system of partial differential equations with in evolving plaque. Simulations of the model show how the combination of the concentrations of LDL and HDL in the blood determine whether a plaque will grow or disappear. More precisely, we create a map, showing the risk of plaque development for any pair of values (LDL,HDL).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.