ArticleBMC microbiology2014
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa) mutants in the community and hospitals in Oxfordshire.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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52 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis in North West Cameroon: public health implications.BMC research notes · 2024Article
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- Development of triplex assay for simultaneous detection ofJournal of food science and technology · 2024Article
- Molecular detection of virulence genes inOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of iodinated hydrocarbons against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Molecular Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Forming Potential of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Bovine Suspected with Mastitis.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- Shaping the subway microbiome through probiotic-based sanitation during the COVID-19 emergency: a pre-post case-control study.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Colonization of Extramammary Sites with Mastitis-AssociatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Savirin or Ticagrelor Treatment on the Expression of Commonly Used Reference Genes inMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- The immune evasion roles ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Profile of ClinicalInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Anti-leishmaniasis Effect ofAdvanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- The Relative ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2022Article
- Sequencing Independent Molecular Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: Approach for Infection Control and Clonal Characterization.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStaphylococcal protein A (spa) is an important virulence factor which enables Staphylococcus aureus to evade host immune responses. Genotypes known as "spa-types", based on highly variable Xr region sequences of the spa-gene, are frequently used to classify strains. A weakness of current spa-typing primers is that rearrangements in the IgG-binding region of the gene cause 1-2% of strains to be designated as "non-typeable".
resultsWe developed an improved primer which enabled sequencing of all strains, containing any type of genetic rearrangement, in a large study among community carriers and hospital inpatients in Oxfordshire, UK (6110 isolates). We identified eight novel spa-gene variants, plus one previously described. Three of these rearrangements would be designated "non-typeable" using current spa-typing methods; they occurred in 1.8% (72/3905) asymptomatically carried and 0.6% (14/2205) inpatient S. aureus strains. Some individuals were simultaneously colonized by both formerly non-typeable and typeable strains; previously such patients would have been identified as carrying only currently typeable strains, underestimating mixed carriage prevalence and diversity. Formerly non-typeable strains were found in more spa-types associated with multilocus sequence type ST398 (35%), common among livestock, compared to other groups with any non-typeable strains (1-4%), suggesting particular spa-types may have been under-represented in previous human studies.
conclusionsThis improved method allows us to spa-type previously non-typeable strains with rearrangements in the spa-gene and to resolve cases of mixed colonization with deletions in one or more strains, thus accounting for hidden diversity of S. aureus in both community and hospital environments.
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