ReviewNutritional neuroscience2015
Environment, dysbiosis, immunity and sex-specific susceptibility: a translational hypothesis for regressive autism pathogenesis.
Review in Nutritional neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pre- and Postnatal Antibiotic Exposure in Childhood-A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiota's Role in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Bimodal distribution of intestinalGut microbes reports · 2024Article
- Microbiota-indole 3-propionic acid-brain axis mediates abnormal synaptic pruning of hippocampal microglia and susceptibility to ASD in IUGR offspring.Microbiome · 2023Article
- A Spectrum of Solutions: Unveiling Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Manage Autism Spectrum Disorder.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Effects of COVID-19 on children with autism.World journal of virology · 2022Review
- Factors influencing development of the infant microbiota: from prenatal period to early infancy.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2022Article
- Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies,Biology letters · 2022Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Initiation by Inflammation-Facilitated Neurotoxin Transport.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- HBM4EU Chromates Study: Urinary Metabolomics Study of Workers Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota-gut-brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Article
- The role of probiotic intervention in regulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and depression-like behavior in lead-exposed rats.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2022Article
- Developmental brain structural atypicalities in autism: a voxel-based morphometry analysis.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2022Article
- Article
- The Alteration of Chloride Homeostasis/GABAergic Signaling in Brain Disorders: Could Oxidative Stress Play a Role?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Womb to Adulthood: Suggestions for a Paradigm Shift.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Intestinal Flora on Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Lead Exposure in Rats.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspectivefor Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome.Metabolites · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutism is an increasing neurodevelopmental disease that appears by 3 years of age, has genetic and/or environmental etiology, and often shows comorbid situations, such as gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Autism has also a striking sex-bias, not fully genetically explainable.
objectiveOur goal was to explain how and in which predisposing conditions some compounds can impair neurodevelopment, why this occurs in the first years of age, and, primarily, why more in males than females.
methodsWe reviewed articles regarding the genetic and environmental etiology of autism and toxins effects on animal models selected from PubMed and databases about autism and toxicology. DISCUSSION: Our hypothesis proposes that in the first year of life, the decreasing of maternal immune protection and child immune-system immaturity create an immune vulnerability to infection diseases that, especially if treated with antibiotics, could facilitate dysbiosis and GI disorders. This condition triggers a vicious circle between immune system impairment and increasing dysbiosis that leads to leaky gut and neurochemical compounds and/or neurotoxic xenobiotics production and absorption. This alteration affects the 'gut-brain axis' communication that connects gut with central nervous system via immune system. Thus, metabolic pathways impaired in autistic children can be affected by genetic alterations or by environment-xenobiotics interference. In addition, in animal models many xenobiotics exert their neurotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner.
conclusionsWe integrate fragmented and multi-disciplinary information in a unique hypothesis and first disclose a possible environmental origin for the imbalance of male:female distribution of autism, reinforcing the idea that exogenous factors are related to the recent rise of this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.