ArticleAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics2014
PG4KDS: a model for the clinical implementation of pre-emptive pharmacogenetics.
Article in American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacogenomics in pediatric oncology patients.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Complex Drug-Drug-Gene-Disease Interactions Involving Cytochromes P450: Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Clinical Perspectives.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2018Pooled it
- Role of genetics in the prediction of statin-associated muscle symptoms and optimization of statin use and adherence.Cardiovascular research · 2018Pooled it
- Implementation of a pharmacogenetic panel-based test for pharmacotherapy-based supportive care in an adult oncology clinic.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Inherited NUDT15 variant is a genetic determinant of mercaptopurine intolerance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Trial
- Advancing Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry: A Descriptive Pilot Study Integrating Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetics in Long-Acting Antipsychotic Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Pharmacogenomic Service in a Pediatric Community Hospital.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Genome Sequencing Enhances Precision and Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenetic Data Compared to Arrays.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Analytical Validation of an Annotation Tool for WGS-Based Pharmacogenomics: Preparing for Clinical Implementation in Pediatric Oncology.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenomics of treatment toxicities in pediatric B-Cell ALL: toward safer precision therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Implementation of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing: progress, puzzles and priorities from an implementation science perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing in Italy: a review of evidence and multidisciplinary consensus on key priorities for implementation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Safe and effective genomic medicine implementation in hospitals: a scoping review.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Navigating Pharmacogenomic Testing in Practice: Who to Test and When to Test.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Pharmacogenetic Testing of Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Conditions: Real-World Experiences.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Implementing Pre-Emptive Pharmacogenetics: Impact of Early Pharmacogenetic Screening in a Pediatric Oncology Cohort of 1,151 Subjects.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Frequency and Implications of High-Risk Pharmacogenomic Phenotypes Identified in a Diverse Australian Pediatric Oncology Cohort.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Implementing CYP2C19-guided clopidogrel therapy: a scoping review of pharmacogenomic testing services.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Article
- Care Team Attributes Predict Likelihood of Utilizing Pharmacogenomic Information During Inpatient Prescribing.Clinical and translational science · 2025Observational
- Clinical implementation of preemptive pharmacogenomics testing for personalized medicine at an academic medical center.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is frequently cited as an area for initial focus of the clinical implementation of genomics. Through the PG4KDS protocol, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital pre-emptively genotypes patients for 230 genes using the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) Plus array supplemented with a CYP2D6 copy number assay. The PG4KDS protocol provides a rational, stepwise process for implementing gene/drug pairs, organizing data, and obtaining consent from patients and families. Through August 2013, 1,559 patients have been enrolled, and four gene tests have been released into the electronic health record (EHR) for clinical implementation: TPMT, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, and CYP2C19. These genes are coupled to 12 high-risk drugs. Of the 1,016 patients with genotype test results available, 78% of them had at least one high-risk (i.e., actionable) genotype result placed in their EHR. Each diplotype result released to the EHR is coupled with an interpretive consult that is created in a concise, standardized format. To support-gene based prescribing at the point of care, 55 interruptive clinical decision support (CDS) alerts were developed. Patients are informed of their genotyping result and its relevance to their medication use through a letter. Key elements necessary for our successful implementation have included strong institutional support, a knowledgeable clinical laboratory, a process to manage any incidental findings, a strategy to educate clinicians and patients, a process to return results, and extensive use of informatics, especially CDS. Our approach to pre-emptive clinical pharmacogenetics has proven feasible, clinically useful, and scalable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.