ArticleInternational wound journal2016
Extracellular matrix assessment of infected chronic venous leg ulcers: role of metalloproteinases and inflammatory cytokines.
Article in International wound journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06109844 (FORCEREPAIR - A Wound Exudate Investigation), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
FORCEREPAIR - A Wound Exudate Investigation
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokines and Venous Leg Ulcer Healing-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Protease activity as a prognostic factor for wound healing in venous leg ulcers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Skin tears and risk factors assessment: a systematic review on evidence-based medicine.International wound journal · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of whole course seamless nursing mode on patients with chronic infectious wounds.African health sciences · 2023Trial
- Rethinking Chronic Wound Treatment: Unlocking the Potential of Combination Products for an Unmet Multifactorial Need: A Review Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Immunomarker profiling in human chronic wound swabs reveals IL-1 beta/IL-1RA and CXCL8/CXCL10 ratios as potential biomarkers for wound healing, infection status and regenerative stage.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Observational
- Dual phage-incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol-eudragit nanofiber matrix for rapid healing of diabetic wound infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Evidence of Inflammatory Network Disruption in Chronic Venous Disease: An Analysis of Circulating Cytokines and Chemokines.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Glycocalyx disruption, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling as underlying mechanisms and treatment targets of chronic venous disease.International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Evolution of the Chronic Venous Leg Ulcer Microenvironment and Its Impact on Medical Devices and Wound Care Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Tailored biomedical materials for wound healing.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
- Advanced Wound Diagnostics: Toward Transforming Wound Care into Precision Medicine.Advances in wound care · 2022Review
- Article
- TNFα blockade reverses vascular and uteroplacental matrix metalloproteinases imbalance and collagen accumulation in hypertensive pregnant rats.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Review
- New Insights on the Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Impaired Skin Healing in Diabetes and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Vein Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease and Implications in Management of Varicose Veins.Vessel plus · 2021Article
- Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic venous ulcer (CVU) represents a dreaded complication of chronic venous disease (CVD). The onset of infection may further delay the already precarious healing process in such lesions. Some evidences have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved and play a central role in both CVUs and infectious diseases. Two groups of patients were enrolled to evaluate the expression of MMPs in infected ulcers and the levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as their prevalence. Group I comprised 63 patients (36 females and 27 males with a median age of 68·7 years) with infected CVUs, and group II (control group) comprised 66 patients (38 females and 28 males with a median age of 61·2 years) with non-infected venous ulcers. MMP evaluation and dosage of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and wound fluid was performed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test; protein extraction and immunoblot analysis were performed on biopsied wounds. The first three most common agents involved in CVUs were Staphylococcus aureus (38·09%), Corynebacterium striatum (19·05%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12·7%). In this study, we documented overall higher levels of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in patients with infected ulcers compared to those with uninfected ulcers that showed higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. We also documented higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with infected ulcers with respect to those with uninfected ulcers, documenting a possible association between infection, MMP activation, cytokine secretions and symptoms. The present results could represent the basis for further studies on drug use that mimic the action of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in order to make infected CVU more manageable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.