ArticleBMC microbiology2014
Cigarette smoke condensate increases C. albicans adhesion, growth, biofilm formation, and EAP1, HWP1 and SAP2 gene expression.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of cigarette smoking on the prevalence of oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and the expression of selected virulence genes among adults in Jordan.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- In Vitro Exposure to Vaped Tetrahydrocannabinol IncreasesMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Changes in Implant Surface Characteristics and Wettability Induced by Smoking In Vitro: A Preliminary Investigation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Curcumin Analogue (PAC) InhibitsAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- E-Cigarette effects on oral health: A molecular perspective.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Review
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Attenuation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Cigarette Smoke is Correlated with Decreased Defense Response of Oral Epithelial Cells toCurrent molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Modulation of signature cancer-related genes in oral cancer cells (Ca9-22) by anethole treatment: Insights into therapeutic potential.PloS one · 2024Article
- Candida-associated denture stomatitis: clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Article
- Application of anti-fungal vaccines as a tool against emerging anti-fungal resistance.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2023Review
- Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates onInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Fungi-A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Effect of Cannabis Smoke Condensate onMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the Nrf2 pathway: In vitro and animal studies.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Anethole induces anti-oral cancer activity by triggering apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress and by modulation of multiple signaling pathways.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Comparison of the Prevalence Rate of Oral Candida Colonization between Opium Users and Cigarette Smokers in Kerman, Iran.Addiction & health · 2021Article
- Environmental Influences on the Human Microbiome and Implications for Noncommunicable Disease.Annual review of public health · 2021Review
- Looking beyond the smokescreen: can the oral microbiome be a tool or target in the management of tobacco-associated oral cancer?Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Review
- The Discrepancy between Clove and Non-Clove Cigarette Smoke-PromotedF1000Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmokers are more prone to oral infections than are non-smokers. Cigarette smoke reaches the host cells but also microorganisms present in the oral cavity. The contact between cigarette smoke and oral bacteria promotes such oral diseases as periodontitis. Cigarette smoke can also modulate C. albicans activities that promote oral candidiasis. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke condensate on C. albicans adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation as well as the activation of EAP1, HWP1 and secreted aspartic protease 2.
resultsCigarette smoke condensate (CSC) increased C. albicans adhesion and growth, as well as biofilm formation. These features may be supported by the activation of certain important genes. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we demonstrated that CSC-exposed C. albicans expressed high levels of EAP1, HWP1 and SAP2 mRNA and that this gene expression increased with increasing concentrations of CSC.
conclusionCSC induction of C. albicans adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation may explain the increased persistence of this pathogen in smokers. These findings may also be relevant to other biofilm-induced oral diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.