ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2014
Cellular and cytokine responses to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi proteins in patients with typhoid fever in Bangladesh.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fangchinoline drives NOS2-dependent host immunity to restrict intracellular enteric pathogens.iScience · 2026Article
- Immune modulation and treatment outcomes among patients with malaria and typhoid fever in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a comparative analysis of inflammatory responses.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Stress-mediating inflammatory cytokine profiling reveals unique patterns in malaria and typhoid fever patients.PloS one · 2025Observational
- Deletion of an immune evasion gene,Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Reduced immunogenicity of a liveFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Genomic and phenotypic comparison of two variants of multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genetic Susceptibility to Enteric Fever in Experimentally Challenged Human Volunteers.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Revisiting PersistentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Immune Modulation and the Development of Fowl Typhoid: A Model of Human Disease?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- HumanClinical & translational immunology · 2020Article
- Diversity of Salmonella Typhi-responsive CD4 and CD8 T cells before and after Ty21a typhoid vaccination in children and adults.International immunology · 2019Article
- Cell mediated immune responses elicited in volunteers following immunization with candidate live oral Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A attenuated vaccine strain CVD 1902.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2019Article
- Model of Persistent Salmonella Infection: Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Modulates the Immune Response of the Chicken from a Th17-Type Response towards a Th2-Type Response.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Clonal analysis of Salmonella-specific effector T cells reveals serovar-specific and cross-reactive T cell responses.Nature immunology · 2018Article
- Genome divergence and increased virulence of outbreak associatedGut pathogens · 2018Article
- Article
- Importance ofFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Cross-reactive multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses against Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B in humans following immunization with live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2016Article
- Live Attenuated Human Salmonella Vaccine Candidates: Tracking the Pathogen in Natural Infection and Stimulation of Host Immunity.EcoSal Plus · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We assessed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses via enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) to a number of S. Typhi antigens in samples from humans with S. Typhi bacteremia and typhoid fever in Bangladesh. Compared with responses in healthy endemic zone controls, there were significantly increased IFN-γ responses at the time of clinical presentation (acute phase) and at convalescence 14-28 days later. The majority (80-90%) of IFN-γ expressing T cells were CD4+. We observed a significant increase in interleukin-17 (IL-17) positive CD4 + T cells at convalescent versus acute stage of infection using an intracellular cytokine staining assay. We also found that stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) produced significantly increased levels of a number of cytokines at the convalescent versus acute phase of infection, including IFN-γ, MIP-1β, sCD40L, TNF-β, IL-13, and IL-9. These results suggest that S. Typhi antigens induce a predominantly Th1 response, but that elevations in other cytokines may be modulatory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.