ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2014
Modulation of Alternaria infectoria cell wall chitin and glucan synthesis by cell wall synthase inhibitors.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Crosstalk between the calcineurin and cell wall integrity pathways prevents chitin overexpression in Candida albicans.Journal of cell science · 2021Article
- Activity and Mechanism of Action of Antifungal Peptides from Microorganisms: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Pyomelanin Synthesis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative real time PCR in different Tulasnella isolates and orchid-fungus symbiotic germination system.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
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- Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Early Interaction of Alternaria infectoria Conidia with Macrophages.Mycopathologia · 2019Article
- Genomic sequencing, genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction, and in silico flux analysis of the grape endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. MG1.Microbial cell factories · 2019Article
- TheThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Validation of reference genes for normalization of gene expression by qRT-PCR in a resveratrol-producing entophytic fungus (Alternaria sp. MG1).AMB Express · 2016Article
- Activation of Melanin Synthesis in Alternaria infectoria by Antifungal Drugs.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Caspofungin Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus Results in ChsG-Dependent Upregulation of Chitin Synthesis and the Formation of Chitin-Rich Microcolonies.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The present work reports the effects of caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, and nikkomycin Z, an inhibitor of chitin synthases, on two strains of Alternaria infectoria, a melanized fungus involved in opportunistic human infections and respiratory allergies. One of the strains tested, IMF006, bore phenotypic traits that conferred advantages in resisting antifungal treatment. First, the resting cell wall chitin content was higher and in response to caspofungin, the chitin level remained constant. In the other strain, IMF001, the chitin content increased upon caspofungin treatment to values similar to basal IMF006 levels. Moreover, upon caspofungin treatment, the FKS1 gene was upregulated in IMF006 and downregulated in IMF001. In addition, the resting β-glucan content was also different in both strains, with higher levels in IMF001 than in IMF006. However, this did not provide any advantage with respect to echinocandin resistance. We identified eight different chitin synthase genes and studied relative gene expression when the fungus was exposed to the antifungals under study. In both strains, exposure to caspofungin and nikkomycin Z led to modulation of the expression of class V and VII chitin synthase genes, suggesting its importance in the robustness of A. infectoria. The pattern of A. infectoria phagocytosis and activation of murine macrophages by spores was not affected by caspofungin. Monotherapy with nikkomycin Z and caspofungin provided only fungistatic inhibition, while a combination of both led to fungal cell lysis, revealing a strong synergistic action between the chitin synthase inhibitor and the β-glucan synthase inhibitor against this fungus.
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