ArticleBMC cancer2014
Metformin enhances tamoxifen-mediated tumor growth inhibition in ER-positive breast carcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on the Chemotherapy Response of HPV-Positive Cancer Cells.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- IONIC NANOMEDICINE STRATEGY TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE CHEMO-PTT COMBINATION CANCER THERAPEUTICS.World journal of pharmaceutical science and research · 2024Article
- Synergistic effects of bee venom, hesperidin, and piperine with tamoxifen on apoptotic and angiogenesis biomarker molecules against xerographic MCF-7 injected rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metformin as a PotentialInternational journal of breast cancer · 2024Review
- Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Metabolic Plasticity in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Article
- Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in endocrine therapy resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Complexity of Response to the Proliferation Agonist and Antagonist Agents, in the Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Various Receptors.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2022Article
- Impact of Diabetes on Patient Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metformin reverses tamoxifen resistance through theAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Development and Evaluation of Novel Metformin Derivative Metformin Threonate for Brain Ischemia Treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Bak instead of Bax plays a key role in metformin-induced apoptosis s in HCT116 cells.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- Counteracting Chemoresistance with Metformin in Breast Cancers: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells.Cancers · 2020Review
- Metformin Restores the Drug Sensitivity of MCF-7 Cells Resistant Derivates via the Cooperative Modulation of Growth and Apoptotic-Related Pathways.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Effect of Metformin on the Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer With Type 2 Diabetes.World journal of oncology · 2020Article
- Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Glucose-dependent GPER1 expression modulates tamoxifen-induced IGFBP-1 accumulation.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2019Article
- AICAR Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells Through an AMPK/mTOR-Dependent Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Metformin as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment.SAGE open medicine · 2019Review
- Combination of metformin and phenformin synergistically inhibits proliferation and hTERT expression in human breast cancer cells.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTamoxifen, an endocrine therapy drug used to treat breast cancer, is designed to interrupt estrogen signaling by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER). However, many ER-positive patients are low reactive or resistant to tamoxifen. Metformin is a widely used anti-diabetic drug with noteworthy anti-cancer effects. We investigated whether metformin has the additive effects with tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer therapy.
methodsThe efficacy of metformin alone and in combination with tamoxifen against ER-positive breast cancer was analyzed by cell survival, DNA replication activity, plate colony formation, soft-agar, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and nude mice model assays. The involved signaling pathways were detected by western blot assay.
resultsWhen metformin was combined with tamoxifen, the concentration of tamoxifen required for growth inhibition was substantially reduced. Moreover, metformin enhanced tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of proliferation, DNA replication activity, colony formation, soft-agar colony formation, and induction of apoptosis in ER-positive breast cancer cells. In addition, these tamoxifen-induced effects that were enhanced by metformin may be involved in the bax/bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 growth pathway. Finally, two-drug combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
conclusionThe present work shows that metformin and tamoxifen additively inhibited the growth and augmented the apoptosis of ER-positive breast cancer cells. It provides leads for future research on this drug combination for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.