ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2014
Sex differences in the pulmonary circulation: implications for pulmonary hypertension.
Review in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased Right Ventricular Cardiac Output to Left Ventricular Cardiac Output Ratio in High-Altitude Residents Without Pulmonary Hypertension: An Echocardiography Study.Physiological research · 2026Article
- Initial Body Weight as an Important Factor for Improving the Reliability and Translational Relevance of the Preclinical Monocrotaline-Induced Rat Pulmonary Hypertension Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Revisiting Murray's Law in Pulmonary Arteries: Exploring Branching Patterns and Principles.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2025Article
- Sex Differences Among Patients Treated With Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Female Fibroblast Activation Is Estrogen-Mediated in Sex-Specific 3D-Bioprinted Pulmonary Artery Adventitia Models.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Impedance and Wave Reflections in Adults with Mitral Stenosis: Immediate and Follow-Up Effects of Balloon Valvuloplasty.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The disproportionate burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension among the elderly: global, regional, and national trends from 1990 to 2021-findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Impacts of Early Gestational and Peri-Adolescent Ozone Exposure on Lung Development in Rats: Implications for Later Life Disease in Humans.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Dynamically stiffening biomaterials reveal age- and sex-specific differences in pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblast activation.Matrix biology plus · 2024Article
- Distribution of normalized pulmonary transit time per pathology in a population of routine CMR examinations.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- The causes of pulmonary hypertension and the benefits of aerobic exercise for pulmonary hypertension from an integrated perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.Future cardiology · 2024Review
- You Can't Spell Shear without "She": Mechanobiology and Sex Differences in Hypoxic Lung Disease.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Estrogenic Modulation of Ionic Channels, Pumps and Exchangers in Airway Smooth Muscle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Females: Clinical Features and Survival.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Incidence and Response to Pharmacological Treatment in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Gender dimension in cardio-pulmonary continuum.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Sexual Dimorphism of Dexamethasone as a Prophylactic Treatment in Pathologies Associated With Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Sex and gender in pulmonary arterial hypertension.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a form of pulmonary hypertension, is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While new developments regarding pathophysiological features and therapeutic options in PAH are being reported, one important fact has emerged over the years: there is a sex difference in the incidence of this disease such that while there is a higher incidence in females, disease outcomes are much worse in males. Accordingly, recent attention has been focused on understanding the features of sex differences in the pulmonary circulation and the contributory mechanisms, particularly sex hormones and their role in the pathological and pathophysiological features of PAH. However, to date, there is no clear consensus whether sex hormones (particularly female sex steroids) are beneficial or detrimental in PAH. In this review, we highlight some of the most recent evidence regarding the influence of sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) and estrogen metabolites on key pathophysiological features of PAH such as proliferation, vascular remodeling, vasodilation/constriction, and inflammation, thus setting the stage for research avenues to identify novel therapeutic target for PAH as well as potentially other forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.