Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24610399›Full record

Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014

Evaluating the effect of access to free medication to quit smoking: a clinical trial testing the role of motivation.

Bianca F Jardin, Karen L Cropsey, Amy E Wahlquist, Kevin M Gray, Gerard A Silvestri, K Michael Cummings, Matthew J Carpenter

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02491086 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Motivating Smokers at Outdoor Public Smoking Hotspots to Have Quit Attempt With Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2015 to 2016Enrolled100ConditionsSmoking CessationArmsNicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling, Smoking cessation counseling
NCT03717051 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Sample and Brief Smoking Cessation Advice for Recruiting Smokers to Smoking Cessation Services and Motivating Quit Attempts

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2018 to 2020Enrolled834ConditionsSmoking CessationArmsNicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling, Medication counseling
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. The Impact of Older Age on Smoking Cessation Outcomes After Standard Advice to Quit.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023
    Trial
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  11. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Remote Varenicline Sampling to Promote Treatment Engagement and Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021
    Trial
  12. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Brief Interventions to Encourage Quit Attempts in Smokers From Socioeconomic Disadvantage.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020
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  15. A Naturalistic, Randomized Pilot Trial of E-Cigarettes: Uptake, Exposure, and Behavioral Effects.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017
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  20. A mechanistic test of nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation induction.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bianca F JardinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Karen L CropseyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;
Amy E WahlquistHollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Kevin M GrayDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Gerard A SilvestriDepartment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Matthew J CarpenterDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; carpente@musc.edu.

Funding

Integrated Smoking Cessation Treatment for Low Income Community CorrectionsR01CA141663 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CROPSEY, KAREN L · 2009 to 2013
$1.3M
Stimulus Control and Trajectories of Adolescent SmokingK23DA020482 · NIDA · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI CARPENTER, MATTHEW J · 2007 to 2011
$869k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA141663NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA020482
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlthough the majority of smokers are ambivalent about quitting, few treatments specifically target smokers lacking motivation to quit in the near future. Most existing interventions are instead predicated on the belief that active treatments should only be distributed to smokers interested in quitting, a largely untested assumption.

methodsIn the current clinical trial (N = 157), motivated smokers wanting to quit in the next 30 days were given a 2-week nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sample and a referral to a quitline (Group MNQ), while unmotivated smokers were randomized to receive the same treatment (Group UNQ) or a quitline referral only (Group UQ). Participants were tracked via telephone for 3 months to assess quitting behaviors and smoking reduction.

resultsGroups significantly differed across all comparisons with regard to incidence of any quit attempt (MNQ: 77%, UNQ: 40%, UQ: 18%, p < .05) and any 24-hr quit attempts (62%, 32%, 16%, p < .05). Clinically meaningful differences emerged in the rates of floating (19%, 17%, 6%) and point prevalence abstinence (17%, 15%, 5%). Compared to participants in Group UQ (11%), a greater proportion of participants in Group MNQ (48%, p = .01) and Group UNQ (31%, p = .01) reduced their daily cigarette consumption by at least half. Proxy measures of cessation readiness (e.g., motivation) favored participants receiving active forms of treatment.

conclusionsProviding NRT samples engaged both motivated and unmotivated smokers into the quitting process and produced positive changes in smoking outcomes. This suggests that motivation should not be considered a necessary precondition to receiving treatment.

Indexed as

HotlinesMotivationAdultFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineSmokingSmoking CessationSouth CarolinaTelephoneTobacco Use DisorderNicotine

Identifiers

PMID24610399
PMCPMC4133568

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.