ArticleInfectious agents and cancer2014
Epstein Barr virus: a prime candidate of breast cancer aetiology in Sudanese patients.
Article in Infectious agents and cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Increased Sporadic Breast Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2020Pooled it
- Epstein-Barr Virus-Mediated Apoptosis Evasion in Epithelial Malignancies: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Biology · 2026Review
- Beyond the Usual Suspects: Emerging Associations Between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection/Infectious Mononucleosis and Cancers.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Awareness of consanguineous marriage burden and willingness towards premarital genetic testing in Sudan: a national cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Association of Human Papilloma Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer in Jordanian Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Non-Response of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Breast Cancer after Primary Chemotherapy: Report of Two Cases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Incidence and association of high-risk HPVs and EBV in patients with advanced stages of colorectal cancer from Qatar.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and the Risk for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2023Review
- Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Detection of Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1), Early Antigen 1F, 2R (EA-1F, EA- 2R) along with Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) in Breast Cancer of Northern India: An Interim Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Observational
- High Frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus and Absence of Papillomavirus in Breast Cancer Patients from Brazilian Northeast.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- The roles of DNA methylation on the promotor of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene and the genome in patients with EBV-associated diseases.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Review
- Individualized Medicine in Africa: Bringing the Practice Into the Realms of Population Heterogeneity.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Common Childhood Viruses and Pubertal Timing: The LEGACY Girls Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Genetic diversity of the Sudanese: insights on origin and implications for health.Human molecular genetics · 2021Review
- Review
- Oncoproteins of High-Risk HPV and EBV Cooperate to Enhance Cell Motility and Invasion of Human Breast Cancer CellsFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Sudanese women. Reported genetic alterations in the form of mutations in tumor suppressors are low in frequencies and could not explain the peculiarities of the diseases including its focal nature. Potential contributors disease aetiology include oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an established culprit of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, one of the most frequent cancers in Sudan.In this study, DNA was extracted from malignant tissue samples and healthy tumour-free tissue from the same breast. Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify two genes encoding for EBV viral proteins. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus and its cellular localization was confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for Epstein-Barr encoded small RNAs (EBERs). Given the reported low frequency of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Sudanese breast cancer patients, the methylation status of six tumor suppressor genes was investigated using methylation specific PCR. EBV genome was detected in 55.5% (n = 90) of breast cancer tissues as compared to 23% in control tissue samples (p = 0.0001). Using ISH, EBV signal was detected in all 18 breast cancer biopsies examined while all five normal breast tissue biopsies tested were negative for EBV. Of six tumour suppressor genes investigated BRCA1, BRCA2, and p14 appeared to be under strong epigenetic silencing.In conclusion, we present evidence of a strong association between EBV and breast carcinoma in Sudanese patients, and considerable epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors that may likely be an outcome or an association with viral oncogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.