ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2014
A twin study of heritable and shared environmental contributions to autism.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex-dependent vulnerability to early-life phthalates exposure and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of mental disorders among family members of individuals on the autism spectrum: systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Heritability of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of twin studies.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2016Pooled it
- Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier SLC25A12 and Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-Analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Broader autism phenotype, the default mode network, and brain entropy: A network-level hypothesis.Research in neurodiversity · 2026Article
- Sex/gender differences in the level and variability of autistic traits: a meta-analysis of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient.Health psychology report · 2026Article
- Serum zonulin level in autistic children and its relation to severity of symptoms a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inhibitory Systems in Brain Evolution: Pathways of Vulnerability in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Brain, behavior and evolution · 2025Review
- Exploring gut microbiome and nutritional status among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (MY-ASD Microbiome): A study protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- "I do my best to do right by her": Autistic motherhood and the experience of raising a non-autistic adolescent daughter.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Mapping the structure of biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: a review of the most influential studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
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- Identification of potentially relevant metals for the etiology of autism by using a Bayesian multivariate approach for partially censored values.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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- Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Recent Update on Targeting Inflammatory Pathways with Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Gene×environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders.Current topics in developmental biology · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The present study examined genetic and shared environment contributions to quantitatively-measured autism symptoms and categorically-defined autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants included 568 twins from the Interactive Autism Network. Autism symptoms were obtained using the Social Communication Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness Scale. Categorically-defined ASD was based on clinical diagnoses. DeFries-Fulker and liability threshold models examined etiologic influences. Very high heritability was observed for extreme autism symptom levels ([Formula: see text]). Extreme levels of social and repetitive behavior symptoms were strongly influenced by common genetic factors. Heritability of categorically-defined ASD diagnosis was comparatively low (.21, 95 % CI 0.15-0.28). High heritability of extreme autism symptom levels confirms previous observations of strong genetic influences on autism. Future studies will require large, carefully ascertained family pedigrees and quantitative symptom measurements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.